What does a combined or general developmental kindergarten mean?

Updated: 06/13/2021 15:07:50

A combined kindergarten consists of several groups of different directions. Along with typical general developmental groups, it also contains recreational and compensatory groups. It is believed that children who have developmental disabilities adapt better to their environment when they have the opportunity to communicate with healthy children.

Combined group - what is the difference from a regular group in kindergarten

In accordance with our legislation, all children have equal rights to development, education and healthcare, regardless of their health and psychophysical characteristics.
Observing the principle of equal opportunities, a strong-willed, no other word for it, decision was made at the highest level - to allow children with special needs due to health conditions to be brought up and grow up in a group of children without such special needs. About compensating groups, you can add one more thing: yes, children with speech disorders can be in combined groups, but if there are a large number of children with, say, speech disorders in the kindergarten, then it is easier and more expedient to teach them according to a specially developed correctional program. This way, correction of violations will be most effective.

What do children do in a combined kindergarten?

Time management is the main issue that interests parents. The entire time the children are in the institution, they will be taught in accordance with a specially developed program. All programs are studied and confirmed by the Ministry of Education and Health.

What program the children will have depends on which group they are assigned to. But, they have the usual activities for all kindergartens:

1. dream;
2. food;
3. free games;
4. walks.

In addition to the standard, children will receive attention from various specialists. This could include classes aimed at developing fine and gross motor skills, speech therapy classes, and physical therapy. Typically, the therapeutic and developmental complex has a beneficial effect on the health of children.

Employees

Most parents, having learned what a combined garden is, understand why this institution has such a large staff. In addition to teachers and their assistants, who form the basis of the staff of a general developmental kindergarten, it includes teachers and doctors of narrow specializations. Meanwhile, they are subject to the same requirements as other preschool employees:

— Availability of a state-issued document on higher or specialized secondary education.

— Absence of deprivation of the opportunity to engage in teaching activities on the basis of a court order.

— No criminal record for certain types of offenses.

— Full legal capacity in the manner prescribed by law.

— Provision of documents indicating the absence of a certain list of diseases approved by the authorized health authority.

Of course, in addition to these basic requirements, the kindergarten administration takes into account a person’s personal qualities when hiring a person. Working in any garden requires a lot of patience, professionalism and love for children from the employee. And for a preschool institution of a combined type, such qualities are especially important, because children in correctional groups need special care.

Group name for preparatory group

The names for the preparatory group are already moving away from the children's theme and are approaching the theme of the school, acquiring seriousness and solidity. By this age, children already have the necessary awareness to independently choose the name of a group in kindergarten according to age.

Moreover, such a procedure will be very useful for children, and it can be organized as a full-fledged educational process.

For example, give the children the task of coming up with their own version, preparing a mini-presentation, talking about why he proposes this particular name, what motto should be used. Of course, this work may seem too difficult for preschoolers, but if parents are actively involved in it, then every child can cope with it. If parents are not too active, you can divide the group into small subgroups - teams, and give each team the task to come up with their own version. Teams need to be selected taking into account the activity of children and parents - so that each includes both enthusiasts and those children and parents who, it seems, do not care at all what their group will be called.

Which name of the group in kindergarten by age for the preparatory group will ultimately be approved can be decided by voting by the jury. Since children and parents will be interested in “promoting” their options, it is best to invite teachers, educators from other groups and the kindergarten administration as a jury. As you can see, even choosing the name of a group in kindergarten by age, you can conduct an extensive open lesson in which children will acquire the most important skills - they will show imagination and ingenuity, learn to present information to an audience, make arguments and gain team interaction skills.

Examples of names for the preparatory group: “Classics”, “Geeks”, “Book lovers”, “Clever people”, “Knowledgeable”, “ABC book”, “Alphabet”, “Septembers”.

General development kindergarten

Today, a general developmental kindergarten is a standard kindergarten that has retained its significance since Soviet times. The development of a child is carried out in three directions: intelligence, aesthetics, physical education.

• Communication with other children relates to social adaptation and occurs during games and activities.
• Intellectual abilities are developed in classes conducted by the teacher.
• The child learns aesthetics through drawing, modeling, and music classes.
• Physical activity is given during morning exercises, during walks and outdoor games.

Such an organization of children's education has been tested over the years and allows one to fully prepare a child for school, shaping him as a harmoniously developed personality.

Let us note that the management of a general education kindergarten independently, but legally, chooses the category that prevails in education. While maintaining general developmental programs provided in full, the emphasis is on social and personal development, cognitive and speech techniques are used, and physical or artistic and aesthetic education of children is carried out.

General education kindergarten is a familiar format for educating children, where decisions on areas of development are made unilaterally by management

Organization of work of a compensatory kindergarten

Regardless of the child’s illness, the work of teachers is based on the initial identification of the child’s personal and psychological qualities.
His level of cultural and hygienic skills is determined. This is done in order to create an effective training and correctional program. The implementation of special training goes in several directions at once:

• development of communication with others (adults, peers);
• play activities;
• expanding the stock and level of knowledge;
• formation of temporal and spatial skills (synthesis of tactile, visual, motor sensations);
• development of abstract-logical and visual-figurative thinking;
• formation of mathematical skills;
• preparation for mastering writing;
• self-care education.

What specialists are included in the staff?

Teachers of specialized preschool educational institutions undergo additional training on working with special children. In addition to service personnel (nurses, cooks, auxiliary workers), the institution employs specialists in various fields:

• teacher-methodologist;
• psychologist;
• musical director;
• physical therapy instructor;
• speech therapist;
• masseur;
• general practitioner

Group occupancy and living conditions

In most cases, the building of such a kindergarten has a massage room, a swimming pool, and a gym. For children with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, wide doorways are provided. For independent movement inside and outside the building, special ramps have been made.

In addition to general education, there are also individual lessons designed for each individual child. Pupils who require a special diet due to certain diseases are offered a special diet. Depending on the diagnosis, the garden provides different types of nutrition with a high content of vitamins, minerals or with restrictions on certain foods.

Related article: what is a compensating garden

Non-standard equipment in kindergarten carries a very deep meaning. Simple diagrams and drawings are not enough; every detail must be thought out. At preschool age, the child’s brain is still very flexible and susceptible to external influences.

All information received at this age is perceived a priori as unique and beyond doubt - therefore it is very important to use non-standard equipment in kindergarten competently and for the benefit of the preschooler’s health. This includes the selection of safe materials, a clear idea of ​​how the structure will be fixed in the gym, and the selection of the right colors

1. “Colored ladder” - you can crawl under it on your bellies without touching hanging obstacles (lids from juices, kinders). In a vertical position, the ladder becomes an excellent target for throwing.
2. The “sensation track” will strengthen the leg muscles and introduce children to different surfaces. The path can be made at home. Sometimes you don't need a lot of prep work. All you need is a piece of paper and a felt-tip pen to do a series of exercises to strengthen your leg muscles.

Organization of stay time

How children will spend their time in a combined kindergarten depends both on the educational program approved at the institution and on the specifics of the compensating groups. In addition to standard activities for general development institutions, such as free play, walking, sleeping, in this kindergarten special attention is paid to correctional classes for children with specialists. Speech therapy games, physical therapy, development of fine motor skills and many other ways to spend time beneficial for the baby’s health are practiced.

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If the kindergarten is non-state, the characteristics of any of the above-mentioned varieties can be determined approximately, and the preschool education program is developed by the kindergarten itself based on the standard program and federal requirements.

In addition, it is worth remembering that the child development options you need should not only be included in the type of kindergarten as such, but may also be contained in additional educational services provided by one or another preschool institution on a contractual basis - of course, not in replacement of the main educational activities of this preschool institution.

Combined kindergarten: what does it mean?

·Organizational and pedagogical activities. It includes methodological equipment for educational and correctional development; staffing groups, organizing work to improve the skills of teaching staff, educational work with teachers and parents.

· Corrective educational work on the comprehensive development of the child, his socialization and preparation for school activities. To effectively organize educational activities, teachers must be well aware of the student’s capabilities: information about his diagnosis, the results of a medical examination and prescribed treatment, psychophysical developmental disorders, abilities, level of training, range of interests, genetic factors. Each lesson has a correctional direction, which follows from their long-term work plan.

Regular kindergarten or compensatory preschool educational institution?

Parents whose children are already attending a compensatory kindergarten mostly speak positively about the methods and approaches practiced in the institution

As a result, other parents are already thinking about sending their child to a corrective kindergarten, since there is organization, focus on results and sensitive attention of teachers to all children, without exception.. What stops such parents is often only the fact that the education children entering such kindergartens not for medical reasons (that is, without a medical certificate), paid

At the same time, there are no fixed tariffs, since the pricing policy of each individual institution depends on many factors, which are written about on the official websites.

What stops such parents is often only the fact that the education of children entering such kindergartens not for medical reasons (that is, without a medical certificate) is paid. At the same time, there are no fixed tariffs, since the pricing policy of each individual institution depends on many factors, which are written about on the official websites.

It is noteworthy that many parents today are ready to give their last money to pay for their child’s stay in a special preschool institution, just so that they do not end up under the supervision of teachers at a regular kindergarten. And all because a compensatory kindergarten, in fact, is a guarantee that the child will not only receive the necessary knowledge and skills, but will have the opportunity to improve his health, eat more healthily and receive a more reverent attitude towards himself.

However, experts do not recommend that loving mothers and fathers rashly send their child to a specialized preschool institution unless there are medical indications for it. Thanks to the educational reforms being carried out in Russia today, every child can receive all of the above in the most ordinary kindergarten, but with the difference that the program will be standard for all members of different groups.

By the way, it is impossible not to mention that in addition to the compensatory kindergarten, there are also compensatory schools, where the rules and methods are absolutely the same as in kindergarten, but taking into account the age category of the children.

What should be in a home kindergarten

Interior of a home kindergarten. Photo from KidsReview.ru

If you decide to send your child to a home kindergarten, choose the institution as responsibly as possible.

So, what should parents pay attention to?

1. Room. Usually this is a three-room apartment (less often a cottage on a fenced plot). The premises should have a separate room for games (possibly combined with a hall for sports and music classes), a separate bedroom, and a separate place for eating (developmental and educational activities can be held at the same tables). Estimate the total area. According to modern standards, each child should have at least 2.5 square meters. m.
2. Equipment. Just as a theater begins with a coat rack, so a home garden begins with a hallway. There should be children's benches and a hanger here. Each room should be equipped with everything necessary for children. The bathroom can have either a low children's sink or a regular one, but with a footrest. Each pupil is entitled to a separate towel and a separate potty in the bathroom, and in the bedroom there is its own bed and its own high chair for clothes. There should be plenty of stationery and materials for creative work (drawing, modeling, applique, etc.), toys for indoors and outdoors (appropriate for the age of the pupils), children's books, sports equipment (balls, trampoline, mats, skittles, hoops, massage rugs, etc.).
3. Nutrition. It is understood that all food is fresh, new dishes are prepared every day from quality ingredients. And, of course, no semi-finished products. Tell the owners of the kindergarten what food your child does not like, what foods he is allergic to, and what dishes, on the contrary, he eats with pleasure.
4. Lesson program. Check out the developmental program offered by the teacher. If something doesn't suit you, ask if adjustments can be made. Perhaps you are interested in a specific technique and you can recommend the teacher special literature or websites dedicated to this program. Find out if it is customary here to take children to museums, mini-excursions or children's performances. Please note that specialized specialists (speech therapist, English teacher, etc.) are usually not invited to a home kindergarten.
5. Walks. A home group usually has 4–10 children. Find out if and where the children will go for walks during the day. In an ordinary playground near an apartment building, it is difficult to keep track of so many kids, especially if other children are walking there at the same time. Educators understand this, so be prepared for the child to spend the entire day indoors. Things are much simpler with walks if the home garden is located in a private cottage. In this case, the fenced area is automatically present. It would be good if it was equipped with a children's playground with swings, slides, and a sandbox.
6. Staff. If there are 10 children in a group, then there must be at least two teachers. Each employee must have a health certificate; for educators, a diploma of specialized education (teacher, psychologist or health worker) is desirable. The owner of a home garden must be registered as an individual entrepreneur (this is not the same as a license). And, of course, it is worth discussing the conclusion of an agreement, which will stipulate the key points of your interaction, as well as the degree of responsibility of both parties. The main thing that you must remember is that in the event of an emergency, this agreement will not protect either you or your child from anything. So its presence plays a purely symbolic role. However, the presence of this document is still better than its absence.
7. Health care. Ask if any of the home garden employees have medical training. If not, who and where will they turn to for help? In any case, the owners should have a first aid kit - of course, out of the reach of children.

Features of the educational program

If in ordinary kindergartens a single standard plan for the development of a child is used, then in combined preschool institutions specialized educational programs are being developed. They are compiled directly by the teacher and the head of the institution.

The programs of combined kindergartens describe teaching methods, a list of necessary items and means for the proper development of preschool children. They involve the introduction of innovations, analysis of the pupil’s health, interaction with the child’s family, and carrying out correction work.

The child receives the level of knowledge that he needs to enter a regular school. Educational programs take into account the individual needs of each category of children, and therefore have certain differences.

Education in a mixed-type kindergarten can be of three types:

1. frontal. The teacher works with the entire group of children. Classes have a uniform content and are held strictly according to the schedule. Kids interact with each other during the learning process;
2. individual. Gives the teacher the opportunity to work separately with each child. Usually used in severe cases. This approach allows the child to learn the material well. But great emotional costs are required from the pupil;
3. group. Training takes place in classes based on interests. The interaction of children in the educational process is ensured.

Teaching methods in combined preschool institutions must fully comply with the standards adopted at the federal level.

Compensatory kindergarten - what does it mean?

The peculiarity is that educational programs are used that are adapted for children with physical and mental health problems.

Training involves conducting rehabilitation classes. Thanks to a well-designed program, it is possible to eliminate the disorder or reduce its severity.

Classes are conducted using techniques developed for each type of disorder. This allows for the proper development of a child with special needs. An individual approach is selected for each child.

It is customary to form compensatory groups in preschool educational institutions in a standard way, according to age.

A compensatory kindergarten is today one of the most effective institutions for the correction of children with various disabilities. Most parents are distrustful of such kindergartens; most often they are afraid of the name itself, although in fact specialists can help the child and positively influence his development.

Most often, parents cannot provide all this on their own, because they lack knowledge and experience. Parents should not be afraid of the very fact that their child will go to a compensatory kindergarten, because this has only one advantage.

First of all, you should pay attention to experienced professionals who have many years of experience working with such babies, which means that efficiency increases significantly. We should also not forget that such children may have problems adapting to the team, because they have some special features

It is important that they encounter different categories of kids in order to be ready for anything in the future.

We should also not forget that such children may have problems adapting to the team, because they have some special features

It is important that they encounter different categories of kids in order to be ready for anything in the future.

This is also an excellent institution for those parents whose children often suffer from serious illnesses, are susceptible to infections, and are able to independently fight various health problems. In a compensatory kindergarten there are all the necessary conditions for the full development of the child, taking into account his individual characteristics.

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If he has a visual impairment, the teachers will be attentive to this. They will do their best to improve performance, as well as present the material in such a way that the child perceives it well.

Not every kindergarten pays special attention to nutrition, although in fact this is very important, given that your child is constantly growing

In a compensatory kindergarten, all the characteristics of the child, his age group, developmental deviations, etc. are taken into account. This means that if your child has a weakened immune system, his diet will contain the maximum amount of essential vitamins.

Now parents are falling into despair because experts recommend sending their child to a compensatory kindergarten. In this case, public opinion plays a significant role, but if mom and dad really need to learn how to take care of the child, then all this should fade into the background.

In this institution, the baby will receive everything he needs. You also don’t have to worry about knowledge, because the material in such an institution differs little from the usual, it simply changes in the form of presentation, so that, for example, a child with hearing impairment can learn the knowledge as effectively as possible.

If a child has any disorders of the musculoskeletal system, then in a kindergarten of this type all the nuances will be taken into account, he will be able to move around the room calmly and safely.

This means that the recovery process will be as fast as possible, which is a huge advantage of such gardens. In no case should you neglect the services of specialists, because they know how to work with children, taking into account all the nuances of their development.

A huge plus is also the fact that there are few children in the group, and this allows teachers to pay more attention to everyone, noticing who is lagging behind in what and where they need to improve. Psychologists also work with children, identifying their problems, helping to solve them, and correcting their behavior.

What parents could not cope with for a long time, teachers can easily change

Special attention is paid to massage, because children are constantly growing, and a lack of vitamins or minerals can negatively affect the formation of their skeleton and muscles

Features of visiting a combined kindergarten

Many parents are faced with the question of whether to send their child to a combined or regular kindergarten. An assessment of all the advantages and disadvantages of visiting this institution can help you make the right decision. Pediatricians note the following positive aspects

combined type kindergarten:

1. Children who go to a combined kindergarten are better oriented towards the characteristics of people. From an early age they learn to understand that we are all different and are okay with that.
2. According to psychologists, children who have psychological and physical characteristics and attend combined kindergartens adapt more quickly to society. In addition, observing healthy babies, they develop well.
3. Children with a reduced level of adaptation demonstrate rapid adaptation to new conditions.
4. In regular kindergartens, the program is designed with healthy children in mind. Combined kindergartens are focused on working with children who have mental and physical disabilities. It will not be easy for such children in a regular institution. They may face rejection by other children and unpreparedness of teachers. In a specialized kindergarten, such children will be treated taking into account their individual characteristics.
5. The baby does not feel like an outcast, which allows him to develop into a confident, full-fledged person who can get settled in life.
6. A special staff of educators has the professionalism that allows them to work with children with certain disabilities. The staff includes not only educators, but also doctors, rehabilitation specialists, immunologists, defectologists, psychotherapists, and psychologists.
7. Children who attend combined kindergartens receive more attention than in a regular kindergarten.
8. The institution has all the conditions necessary for the development and growth of children with certain characteristics.
9. The body's reactions to food are taken into account. Children diagnosed with gastritis or allergies need a special diet.
10. The intensive work of specialists in various fields significantly reduces or even eliminates psychological and physical problems.

Despite the large number of advantages of a combined preschool institution, parents need to learn about its disadvantages:

1. Problems may arise when enrolling in a regular secondary school.
2. Enrollment in school will require passing through certain stages, additional conclusions from teachers, psychologists, speech pathologists and specialists, in accordance with the child’s illness.
3. Difficulties may arise when transferring to another preschool institution.
4. There are not so many combined kindergartens, so they are often located in another area, which complicates the issue of delivering a child.
5. Such an institution will help the child if special treatment is maintained towards him at home.

What other types of DS exist?

The institutions described above occupy the main niche in the system of preschool education. There are other DS, less common, but not empty. Let's consider them:

1. Kindergarten with supervision and general health improvement functions. The institution's activities are focused on prevention and health improvement. Sanitary and hygienic measures and procedures are carried out.
2. Ethnocultural (national) DS. The main direction is the cultural heritage of individual nations and peoples, instilling in a child respect for other cultures. Children are instilled with a caring attitude towards the spiritual values ​​of a person, regardless of his religion. Classes are structured so that children master the traditions and customs of different peoples. The main task is to use the example of folk traditions to convey to the future member of a multinational society the need to be tolerant and complacent towards all peoples and cultures.
3. Child development centers. Kindergarten with expanded capabilities and functions. At its core, it is a multifunctional complex, which has a health and games room, a drawing studio, a children's theater, a classroom with computers, and a swimming pool. Education is carried out in a comprehensive manner, using classes on physical and psychological development. Correction methods have been introduced, and the artistic, aesthetic and intellectual development of children is being carried out.

Innovative teaching methods can be used at the child development center; much attention is paid to creativity and the cultivation of aesthetic sense

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Groups and institutions whose main activities are aimed at preparing a child for school. Presented in the following forms:

1. Preschool groups created at state educational institutions. Organized for children aged 6 years to prepare them for school.
2. Pro-gymnasiums. Education is based on a full study of primary school programs. The institutions accept children of preschool and primary school age. Basic subjects are studied: Russian language (orally), mathematics, English language (initial knowledge). Additionally, aesthetic education programs have been introduced: music, dancing, rhetoric, drawing, modeling, swimming, educational games, rhythm. When choosing a gymnasium, you should carefully read the educational program of the institution. A short program list suggests that the institution does not live up to its name. Classes in pro-gymnasiums are based on a game principle, which is easier for children from 3 to 6 years old to learn.
3. Education centers operating on a comprehensive basis. Refers to government agencies. They use programs developed for preschool and primary education. Continuation of education in education centers implies a continuity of the process when the child receives general education combined with vocational training. They are organized on the principle of public interest in program training with elements of continuity and accessibility. Admission is carried out on a general basis.

What does kindergarten mean - combined, compensatory - and - general developmental - type

Classes with children are conducted using methods specially developed for each type of disorder. The formation of groups, as in a general education kindergarten, is carried out according to age. In addition to the listed indications, referrals to groups are given to children who often suffer from acute respiratory diseases and children with a weakened immune system.

The main burden falls on the shoulders of educators who have been previously trained in working with problem children. Organizing the work of the kindergarten involves preparing a special diet for children. This means that a kindergarten with compensatory education is also indicated for children with gastrointestinal problems or those who need a special diet for other indications.

Kindergarten of compensatory type (with priority implementation of qualified correction)

These kindergartens accept children with various pathologies, for example, with mental retardation, tuberculosis intoxication, musculoskeletal disorders, hearing impairment, speech impairment, visual impairment, intellectual impairment, and children who are often ill. Highly qualified doctors work in such kindergartens, and special conditions are created for children - sometimes dietary meals, swimming pools, saunas, massage rooms, a small number of children in groups. In compensatory kindergartens they not only treat, but also educate and train in accordance with a special program. At these kindergartens there are consultation points where parents can get advice and recommendations on what to do in a particular case.

To get into a compensatory kindergarten, you need a referral from a pediatrician and certificates from specialists in the kindergarten’s profile.

Types of kindergartens

Let's remember the types of kindergartens. Lawyers will say that they differ in the form of ownership, but for us it is more important what their pros and cons are.

Municipal

The main advantage is the district kindergarten, it is nearby. The main disadvantage is the conditions of stay and learning (number of children in the group, number of teachers, level of comfort, availability of teaching aids and toys). The declared freeness of municipal kindergartens is usually very conditional - they are most often semi-free: there are additional payments for clubs, “fees” for building repairs and gifts.

Departmental

Kindergartens for employees of certain institutions. Plus - fewer children. Typically, such gardens are paid, and the amount of payment is set by the “department”. Sometimes children from “outside” are also accepted there, but then you have to pay more for such a kindergarten.

Family (home)

The main advantage is home comfort and a small number of children. The main disadvantage is the absence or conditionality of a legal framework, which means there are always questions in the area of ​​“safety and health.” Classes with children are not always carried out at a high professional level.

Private

Pros: high level of comfort, original teaching methods, foreign languages ​​and various clubs, small number of children in the group, well-equipped areas, many additional services. Always paid.

Types of gardens

First of all, gardens are divided into private and industrial.

A private garden, as a rule, is arranged according to the taste of its owner. While the industrial one is large in size and is located so that it is convenient to care for plants using machines. In such places, specially selected trees and bushes grow, and those caring for them do not allow different varieties to mix.

Based on the type of plants, gardens are divided into homogeneous and mixed.

There are also the following types:

• A botanical garden is an area where plants are grown for scientific purposes. They also play the role of a kind of “living” museum, where everyone can see various types of flora (including rare or recently bred plants) and even purchase some of them.
• An orchard (fruit or fruit and berry) garden is a place where only fruit trees and bushes grow. This type is considered the most ancient.
• An ornamental garden serves to satisfy the aesthetic needs of its owner. In other words, plants here are grown not for food, but more for beauty. There are three subtypes of ornamental gardens: Japanese, Chinese and winter. The latter is somewhat reminiscent of a greenhouse or greenhouse, but differs from it because it is part of the house and is used to preserve non-frost-resistant plants.

Inclusive education in Russia

The Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” and the Federal State Educational Standard legally ensure the right of any person to education, regardless of his physical, mental and intellectual characteristics and capabilities.

Inclusive education is designated in the state standard as an advanced system of joint education for children with disabilities and healthy children.

Inclusion can help a special child and make typical children kinder and more responsive, but this requires certain conditions:

• disturbances in the development of a child with disabilities should not be severe (a mild form can be successfully leveled out by interacting with healthy children, but if intelligence, hearing, or vision are impaired, visiting such groups will not bring the child the expected results, and the PMPK recommends a child care institution that corresponds to the developmental defect;
• Classes on an individual educational program will give a positive result only if the educators are competent in the field of inclusive technologies and meet the teacher’s standard.

State policy regarding the development and education of children with disabilities implies modernization of the environment: improving the material and technical base, training, changing the consciousness of citizens. Ideas and projects of inclusive education are still far from perfect for objective reasons, because in life we ​​still often encounter:

• educators who are not ready to work with a large group of children, which may include one or more children with disabilities;
• parents of healthy children who do not want to understand the problems of someone else’s special child, and their children who refuse to communicate in a group with “not like everyone else.”

Sometimes a special child, according to the conviction and desire of his parents, ends up in a regular kindergarten, and an unbearable life begins for the children of the group in which he was assigned. The mother believes that communication with other children has a positive effect on her baby, and the parents of the other children will blame the special child for all the negative metamorphoses that occur with their children, even if the special child has absolutely nothing to do with it. In this situation, everyone suffers from the communication of children with different developmental backgrounds: ordinary children avoid contact with the special, receiving negativity from this communication; a child with disabilities finds himself misunderstood and lonely; parents of all children are nervous; the teacher pays a lot of attention to one child, depriving others, or vice versa, and neither one nor the other contributes to harmonious relationships in the group

And in order to cultivate mercy, the teacher needs equal attention to all children. As a result, correction of the developmental deficiencies of the child who needs it does not occur, and healthy children feel uncomfortable or show indifference, and sometimes aggression towards the child with disabilities

The inclusive education system is widely discussed, has its pros and cons, but so far it has not taken root in Russia - too many changes in society must happen for this to happen.

There are parents who believe that it is better to prepare a child with disabilities for school without visiting a preschool educational institution, studying individually with specialists and without traumatizing the child’s psyche, but depriving him of the opportunity for full socialization. Also, the effect of daily classes by qualified specialists with special children in a correctional kindergarten is not comparable with the usefulness of occasional classes at home or in addition to a regular kindergarten.

When deciding which kindergarten a child should attend, it is worth listening to the opinions of experts and the recommendations of the PMPC. A child with minor disabilities will not be sent to a correctional kindergarten unless absolutely necessary.

How to get into a correctional group?

Getting into the correctional group of a combined kindergarten is not easy.
To do this, it is not enough to sign up and wait your turn. Parents will have to go through a number of stages with their child. First you need to make an appointment with your pediatrician. It is necessary for the doctor to examine the baby and refer him for a commission.

You will need to obtain the opinion of narrow specialists: for example, a defectologist, a neurologist, a psychologist, a surgeon and a number of other doctors. It all depends on what disorders there are in the baby’s development. Based on the conclusion, it is determined which group of mixed kindergarten the child should be enrolled in.

Usually, parents try to send their child to a preschool located near their home. But combined type kindergartens are less common than general developmental ones. In addition, some establishments may not have space. With the received conclusion, you should join the electronic queue.

To enroll your child in a mixed kindergarten, you must provide the following package of documents:

• photograph size 9x12;
• voucher issued by the education committee or recruitment commission. It should be drawn up on the basis of the conclusion and recommendations of a psychological, medical and pedagogical commission for children who have deviations in physical and mental development;
• a copy of the child's birth certificate. It is certified by the head of the educational institution based on presentation of the original. Kept in the child’s personal file;
• a statement written by the parents;
• baby's medical record;
• a copy of the parents' passport pages. Certified on the basis of the provided original.

This is an approximate list of documentation for enrolling a child in kindergarten. Combined preschool institutions may require different packages of papers. You should familiarize yourself with the list of required documentation by visiting the educational institution or by calling the administration. The recruitment of a mixed kindergarten is carried out on the basis of a federal order.

The child must meet the age category. It is determined individually by each institution. It all depends on the material and technical base and staff of the kindergarten. As a rule, a mixed educational institution accepts children who are three years old.

Staffing with pupils

What does it mean - a combined type kindergarten, how are pupils accepted into it? As a rule, the admission of children to an institution is carried out with the help of special regulatory documents. Children can go to such an institution upon reaching 3 years of age. In principle, some educational institutions are able to accept children of younger ages, it all depends on their material resources. Accordingly, if we are talking about enrollment in a general developmental group, then children are accepted only in accordance with the minimum age, as well as depending on the number of places.

Reviews about the combined type kindergarten (what this means is already discussed above) are as positive as possible. In order to get into a correctional group, you must provide certificates from relevant doctors, for example, a surgeon, speech pathologist, psychologist, and so on. Which specialists need to be bypassed completely depends on which group the parents intend to send the child to, as well as what diseases he has. As a rule, children are sent to a combined kindergarten, which is located next to the house. However, at the moment such institutions are not so common, so children from other areas may also end up in such an institution.

What other types of DS exist?

The institutions described above occupy the main niche in the system of preschool education. There are other DS, less common, but not empty. Let's consider them:

1. Kindergarten with supervision and general health improvement functions. The institution's activities are focused on prevention and health improvement. Sanitary and hygienic measures and procedures are carried out.
2. Ethnocultural (national) DS. The main direction is the cultural heritage of individual nations and peoples, instilling in a child respect for other cultures. Children are instilled with a caring attitude towards the spiritual values ​​of a person, regardless of his religion. Classes are structured so that children master the traditions and customs of different peoples. The main task is to use the example of folk traditions to convey to the future member of a multinational society the need to be tolerant and complacent towards all peoples and cultures.
3. Child development centers. Kindergarten with expanded capabilities and functions. At its core, it is a multifunctional complex, which has a health and games room, a drawing studio, a children's theater, a classroom with computers, and a swimming pool. Education is carried out in a comprehensive manner, using classes on physical and psychological development. Correction methods have been introduced, and the artistic, aesthetic and intellectual development of children is being carried out.

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Preparatory groups

Groups and institutions whose main activities are aimed at preparing a child for school. Presented in the following forms:

1. Preschool groups created at state educational institutions. Organized for children aged 6 years to prepare them for school.
2. Pro-gymnasiums. Education is based on a full study of primary school programs. The institutions accept children of preschool and primary school age. Basic subjects are studied: Russian language (orally), mathematics, English language (initial knowledge). Additionally, aesthetic education programs have been introduced: music, dancing, rhetoric, drawing, modeling, swimming, educational games, rhythm. When choosing a gymnasium, you should carefully read the educational program of the institution. A short program list suggests that the institution does not live up to its name. Classes in pro-gymnasiums are based on a game principle, which is easier for children from 3 to 6 years old to learn.
3. Education centers operating on a comprehensive basis. Refers to government agencies. They use programs developed for preschool and primary education. Continuation of education in education centers implies a continuity of the process when the child receives general education combined with vocational training. They are organized on the principle of public interest in program training with elements of continuity and accessibility. Admission is carried out on a general basis.

Most children who reach the age of 3 are preparing to enter kindergarten. This is a very exciting moment for both the kids themselves and their parents.

When filling out the documents, some of them pay attention to the full name of the institution - a combined kindergarten. Not everyone knows what this wording is, and this only increases anxiety

Let's try to figure out what the features of such a kindergarten are.

Preschool groups of state educational institutions “education center”

An education center is a type of state educational institution that implements general educational programs of preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general education, professional training programs for students and additional education on the basis of succession, continuity, accessibility and personal orientation of students, taking into account the educational needs of the population.

There comes a time in the life of almost every child when he will be taken to his first educational institution so that his mother can work. Of course, every parent would like his beloved child to go to the best kindergarten and the best teacher. But, as a rule, it is possible to send the child to the preschool institution that is located near the house and in which there is space. And perhaps you found out that your kindergarten is of a combined type. For many mothers and fathers, this concept is completely unknown, and therefore parents begin to worry about where they are giving the “little blood”. To make this moment no longer incomprehensible, we will tell you what a combined kindergarten means.

Combined kindergarten - what is it?

In general, kindergartens are classified according to their area of ​​specialization. For example, there are general education kindergartens, where the intellectual, physical and moral development of children is carried out. In kindergartens - development centers, the same tasks are performed, but these institutions are equipped with play complexes, computer classes and swimming pools. Highly specialized (or compensatory) kindergartens are created for children with musculoskeletal disorders and delayed physical and mental development.

And if we talk about a combined kindergarten, then this type of preschool institution includes several groups of different directions. In such a kindergarten, along with groups with the usual, general educational direction, there are groups with a special specialization, for example, recreational or compensatory. The combination of groups in a general education institution can be very different. Often among combined groups in kindergarten there are groups with a speech therapy focus, created for children with speech disorders. There is also a kindergarten with development school groups. Many institutions have groups for children with mental or physical developmental delays.

In fact, combined kindergartens are more common than other types, which meets the requirements of modern society. Therefore, parents will be able to choose the group specialization necessary for their child, be it speech correction, talent development, or body health. You can get a referral from educational authorities based on the results of an examination by doctors.

Approaching the child’s age of 3 years, working parents are forced to look for an answer to the question “who to leave the baby with while we are at work?” Should I leave it with my grandparents, hire a nanny, or send it to kindergarten? Doubts arise regarding each option, but many parents are inclined to place their treasure in the garden. The grandmother will not be able to withstand a long stay with the baby for health reasons, the nanny will turn out to be unprepared or, even worse, rude and arrogant, the only option left is kindergarten.

Trust in an institution that employs specialists trained in raising children outweighs. The child gets the opportunity to communicate with peers, learns a lot of new things, and his comprehensive development takes place in the DS. However, this option also reveals pitfalls in the form of different types of child care institutions. Which type to choose, what are their features, what is best for your child - we will try to figure all this out.

Most children, after the age of three, begin to attend kindergarten, where they prepare for school and learn how to interact with friends.