Let's go to kindergarten: tips for parents on how to properly prepare a 2-3 year old child for the first day of kindergarten

Adapting a child to kindergarten: 8 tips

Wake up your child early from the very first morning so that he does not have to get ready in a hurry. Don't be nervous or rush him.

Let him have breakfast in peace, prepare something that he especially likes.

Choose clothes and shoes that are easy to take off and put on.

Put a handkerchief in his pocket moistened with a few drops of your regular eau de toilette - the smell will remind him of you. You can also give him a small toy (to fit in his pocket) that will remind him of home.

Speak to your child in a calm voice, explain to him that he will go to kindergarten every day - just like you go to work - and that you will come for him after lunch or nap.

When saying goodbye, avoid two extremes: do not leave your child in a hurry, trying to hold back your own tears, and do not look into his eyes and do not say goodbye to him for an hour. A gentle kiss, a calm and confident expression on your face, a goodbye word to the teacher, a farewell hand gesture at the door - and that’s it, you can leave. The faster you do this, the easier it will be for your child to get used to the new rhythm of life.

In the first days, the baby may have problems with sleep, with eating, he may have nightmares, he may act too excited and even pee in the crib... Don’t worry - everything should quickly fall into place.

If, after a few weeks, the child continues to cry in the morning, and the teacher confirms that he is sad and apathetic during the day, then it makes sense to contact a child psychologist.

Problems of children's adaptation. How to understand that a child’s adaptation to kindergarten is difficult?

he begins to behave like a baby - he pees in the bed, speaks slurred;
he withdraws into himself;
at the end of the day he seems unnaturally tired;
he suffers from dermatitis, nightmares or recurring sore throat;
he has been crying every morning for more than three weeks straight.

When is the best time to send your child to kindergarten?

This question worries many parents and there is an answer. It turns out that the best age to take your child to preschool is 3 years old.
It is after the third birthday, according to psychological research, that babies experience the first transitional age and are ready for a positive perception of the new. Moreover, they have a need for new knowledge, impressions, and acquaintances - that is, leaving their home comfort zone will come in handy.
The task of parents is to prepare for this time and teach the child everything that is required of him in kindergarten - the basics of hygiene, independence, discipline .

Completion of adaptation
Dear parents! If you follow the recommendations outlined above, then, believe me, you will be able to accustom your child to attend preschool with minimal losses. This will ensure the normal development of the baby, preserve his psychological health and help him successfully socialize without stress. Be patient and set your child up for the positive - and you will definitely succeed!

Useful articles about kindergarten for mothers and children:

How many days can a child not go to kindergarten without a certificate?
How to sign clothes for kindergarten: 5 best ideas
How to check the queue for kindergarten
How to get on the waiting list for kindergarten via the Internet, MFC
At what age are children admitted to kindergarten?

Rules for successful adaptation in kindergarten

“In the fall I send my child to kindergarten. How can I help him get used to kindergarten in the least painful way?”

How to properly prepare for kindergarten? First you need to find a teacher who really loves children. This is the main condition. Don’t be lazy, take the time to talk to your parents. Come in the morning without a child and watch how the children come to this teacher. If they run to her, hug her, she is happy with them, and they immediately get involved in some kind of activity - you can safely bring the child.

In this choice you cannot rely on chance. Many of the adults I work with as a psychologist have terrible memories of kindergarten: they talk about how they were humiliated, disgraced and insulted. No one can guarantee that this is not happening now.

Parents and the teacher must have good contact - feedback must certainly exist. The age of the teacher does not matter. It is advisable that the number of children in the group does not exceed twelve to fifteen people (the general rule is: the younger the children, the smaller the group should be).

After you have chosen a teacher, agree with the head and come with your child to the kindergarten for a walk. It is better for the baby to meet the children and the teacher on the street, in the presence of his mother. The child should become interested in what is happening in this kindergarten.

Do you feel the fundamental difference: do we bring our son or daughter to a completely unfamiliar place and “abandon” them in the hope that they will somehow “swim out on their own” - or do we let them adapt, make friends with other children and want to return there?

There is no need to set any deadlines in advance. Perhaps at first the child will not want to leave his mother at all. There's nothing wrong with that, you can play side by side. The main thing for the baby is to make sure that the mother does not go anywhere, she is here and can take him home at any time

It is very important!

We walked and played - the child wanted to look inside. He came in and looked - and there were toys, small beds, and all this was unusual and interesting. Then it turned out that the children in the garden were eating sausages and peas - this is what captivated my daughter at the time. So, little by little, interest and desire to go to kindergarten appear. Everyone needs different amounts of time for this: some a month, some three. If the child doesn’t want to and resists, it means he’s not ready yet.

Someone may ask: “Do we really have to spend so much time and effort on all this?” Of course, it’s easier to give it away right away. But in this case, it turns out that we rape our children only because it’s easier for us. It’s easier not to think, it’s easier not to put in any effort, and let the children figure it out themselves. But children do not yet have sufficient resources of their own; it is difficult, sometimes unbearable, and sometimes impossible for them to cope without the help of adults.

The most dangerous thing that can happen if a child is forcibly sent to kindergarten when he was not yet psychologically ready for this is a breakdown in social and emotional attachment. The consequences of this psychological trauma last a lifetime. The baby cries every day, doesn’t want to go to kindergarten, is often sick, clings to his mother - but they still take him away and expect him to get used to it...

And suddenly, at some point, the child suddenly stops crying, sometimes withdraws into himself, doesn’t say anything about the kindergarten, and may even stop noticing that his mother has come for him. The parents and teacher are happy - he’s used to it, but his emotional connection with his mother has actually “broken.” His ability to establish warm, trusting, close relationships has suffered. Because since you can’t trust your mom, since she’s leaving him, how can you trust anyone else?

Some adults who experienced something similar in childhood consciously or unconsciously choose loneliness - just to never experience that pain and horror of separation from a loved one again.

Medical training

To start attending kindergarten, parents need to obtain a medical card and form No. 026/у-2000. This can be done in the clinic where the child is observed. The medical record contains information about the baby’s health status, tests completed and vaccinations.

Before receiving a card, a child needs to undergo a number of specialists:

pediatrician;
surgeon;
orthopedist;
neurologist;
otolaryngologist;
ophthalmologist;
dermatologist;
psychologist.

Each doctor examines the child, after which he writes recommendations and a conclusion about the possibility of attending a preschool educational institution. Immediately before visiting kindergarten, the child must undergo tests for diphtheria bacillus and intestinal infections, and take a general blood and urine test. The list of doctors, the timing of medical examinations and the requirements for obtaining a medical card vary depending on the region of residence of the family and the specific institution to which the child was allocated.

The child’s immunity needs to be strengthened before entering kindergarten

It is recommended to start hardening in advance in order to strengthen the child’s immunity and minimize the risks of diseases in kindergarten. The simplest methods:

walk barefoot indoors and outdoors - on grass, sand;
douse yourself with water with a gradual decrease in temperature;
visit the pool or swim in natural reservoirs in the summer.

Long walks, active games and sleep in the fresh air are useful. Each type of hardening must be started gradually, preferably in the summer, while the child must be healthy.

Your baby's immunity before kindergarten can also be supported with the help of vitamins. A balanced diet with enough berries, fruits and vegetables will help replenish the supply of essential substances. In some cases, the pediatrician may recommend separate multivitamin complexes for the child.

Tips for parents

Listed below are useful practical recommendations on individual stages of a child’s adaptation to future entry into kindergarten.

Developing independence

Before entering kindergarten, the child must have at least basic self-care skills - we are not talking about full independence at such a young age. The recommended minimum includes:

Ability to ask and go to the toilet. It is advisable to at least train your child to use the potty, and also to communicate in a timely manner about the desire to go for a minor or major need. For nurseries and the very elementary group of preschool educational institutions, this is usually sufficient;
Dressing and undressing. The child must be able to take off his clothes/shoes and put them on. Start mastering this skill in a playful way, help only if the child cannot cope with the process for a long period of time, but do not do everything for him - he should take at least minimal participation in the event. To facilitate this process, choose the simplest things without a lot of buttons and fasteners that fit freely on the baby. Dress for kindergarten only according to the weather;
Eating food. The child must be able to use a fork, spoon and plates - supplementary feeding is not practiced in the kindergarten (unless it is a specialized nursery for children over 1 year old). Try to teach him to be neat, and also adapt his daily diet as much as possible to the standard preschool menu so that your baby does not refuse unfamiliar food;
Personal hygiene. Another mandatory point is the ability to wash your hands, feet, dry yourself, and wash your face. The basic rules of personal hygiene should be instilled from early childhood, in parallel with the other above-mentioned activities. Show in practice how to do it correctly, use educational books or cartoons.

Protecting against infections in kindergarten

A typical problem in the first year of kindergarten is the child’s frequent illnesses. Various infections do not allow the child to be constantly present in the group; often the number of days missed due to illness can be calculated in weeks or even months.

It should be understood that this process is natural - the child comes into contact with other children, constantly being in close contact with classmates. Immunity gradually develops protection against most classic childhood diseases. How to make this process easier and hurt less?

Correct selection of clothes. The child should not be overcooled, but also not overheated both in the group and on the street during walks. Dress it solely according to the weather (focusing on yourself +1 additional layer), as well as the current temperature conditions in the group itself - often in winter the heat in the premises of preschool educational institutions is very high, and in spring or autumn, on the contrary, it is quite cool;
Balanced diet. The baby must consume sufficient quantities of vegetables, fruits, meat, fish and other healthy foods in order to develop harmoniously physically and support the immune system with a natural supply of essential vitamins and microelements;
Hardening. Regular walks in the fresh air, airing rooms and other activities will help the thermoregulatory mechanisms of the baby’s body work correctly;
Timely consultation with a doctor. Even with minor signs of illness, you should immediately contact your pediatrician - proper treatment will reduce the risk of complications;
Additional measures. During mass epidemics, you can give your child special vitamin-mineral complexes and provide preventive support with antiviral agents and interferons.

Preparation and adaptation to the garden

Surely you want to choose a good kindergarten and a good teacher for your little one. It should be noted that the latter is more important, since it is the person with whom the baby will be all day who creates the atmosphere in the group, and the well-being of the children largely depends on him, and not on the kindergarten.

The situation of novelty is alarming for any person. The adaptation period lasts approximately 6 weeks.

The first three weeks are when the most violent reactions occur, manifested in:

sleep disorders
capriciousness
respiratory diseases are possible.

By preparing your child, you can avoid these troubles:

Walks in kindergarten

It would be nice to sometimes walk on the territory of the kindergarten with his friends, so that in the future everything will be already familiar.

Meet the teacher

Meet the group teacher in advance

Tell us about your child’s individual characteristics, what he likes and what he doesn’t, pay attention to the elements of self-care, what his skills are, what help he needs.

Daily regime

Try to prepare your child for the kindergarten daily routine in advance. Six months before entering kindergarten, organize your lifestyle so that your child communicates with different people

Teach him to communicate with other children and adults: visit children's parks and playgrounds with him, teach him to play in the sandbox, go to visit friends and relatives.

Baby hygiene: what will be useful in kindergarten?

Each particular kindergarten may also ask you to bring various personal items for the child, including:

Bibs for feeding, preferably plastic rather than cloth, two or three pieces are enough.
A set of dishes for your baby, the simplest ones that you don’t mind breaking.
To sleep, you may need your own set of bed linen, oilcloth, and replacement sheets.
A girl should always have in her locker: a comb, hairpins, elastic bands, and hair bands.
Their own towel for their hands, and in the summer also for their feet; after a walk, children will be taught to wash their feet from sand.

Fairytale therapy helps you adapt to the garden

But the most powerful and accessible means is the magic of a fairy tale. There is a whole direction in psychology - fairy tale therapy.

Let the baby tell you the character himself or use the animal that you affectionately call your baby:

bunny
kitty
little mouse

Compose with your child, fantasize so that the story is closer to your family. When talking about kindergarten, be objective so as not to create false expectations.

It is better to send your child to kindergarten at 4 years old

For the first time, you can only take your child for a walk and spend some time with him. Don't be late, at least pick him up on time the first time. Tell your child that while he is in kindergarten, you will:

think about him
miss
earn money in order to then go together to the children's club, buy his favorite treat, a long-awaited toy.

Observe what this toy does, what it says, and together with your baby, help her find friends or solve an existing problem or conflict. Focus the game on a positive outcome.

When your baby goes to kindergarten, give him a toy with you and try to persuade him to leave it in the group overnight so that you can meet it again in the morning. If the child does not agree to this, let the toy go with him to the garden every day, because it is more fun and calmer with a friend.

But this remedy is not suitable for everyone: for some, a toy is their best friend, but for others it does not play an important role in such situations. And the final touch

Every day be:

calm
persistent
friendly

come up with a farewell ritual. The child senses your mood. And your calmness will definitely be transferred to him.

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What does a 1.5 year old child need for kindergarten?

Children aged one and a half years are usually sent to a temporary group, or nursery. The babies are there for literally several hours, so feeding is not provided. If the baby is capricious, you can leave a pacifier or a bottle with diluted formula in the group. These items should be handed over to the teacher and signed. The child will also need several diapers (at least two pieces), a change of clothes (tights, socks, shorts, T-shirt), soft and comfortable shoes. While getting used to the garden, you can allow your baby to take his favorite soft toy with him.

Rules for adaptation to kindergarten

Remember that during the period of adaptation to kindergarten, children often get sick, and their intellectual development can not only slow down, but even roll back, as if the child dreams of returning to the age when his mother did not leave him with strangers. Here are some simple rules to smooth the adaptation process:

Never lie! The child does not go “on a visit” or to some “magical place” - he goes to kindergarten. After all, if he understands that you deceived him in this matter, then where is the guarantee that you did not deceive him by promising to return for him? And the fear of being left alone is one of the most serious childhood fears.
Long before starting kindergarten, synchronize your child’s routine with the kindergarten routine.
If you still have some worries and fears, under no circumstances share them with your child. Don't even show it!
Remember that in the first few days you in any case have the right to be in kindergarten with your child.
For the first time, leave your child in the garden for no more than two or three hours. It is unacceptable to “throw it away” for the whole day!
First, bring the children to the garden in time for a walk. And why do many people advise bringing your child in the morning? In the morning, as a rule, some regime phases are replaced by others. It’s already difficult and scary for the baby, and now he’s faced with a bunch of unfamiliar and incomprehensible rules.
When parting, do not forget to reassure your child that you will definitely come back for him, and constantly repeat that you love him.
When leaving, say goodbye to your child quickly and easily. A long goodbye with a worried expression on your face will cause anxiety, or even panic, in your son or daughter.
Tell the teacher your child’s pet name, talk about his home life, and generally get to know the kindergarten staff in advance.
During the adaptation period, do not schedule vaccinations, visits to the dentist, or other medical procedures that can cause trauma to the child’s psyche.
Don't scold your child for bad behavior! You are adults and you cannot help but understand that it is not he, but his adaptation that is capricious and stubborn.
On weekends and holidays, stick to the kindergarten routine.
At home, play kindergarten with your child, and let some of the toys be his own. Observe what this toy does and what it says, together with your child, help it find friends and solve your child’s problems through it, focusing the game on positive results.

Degrees

Since all children get used to kindergarten differently, psychologists have identified 3 degrees of adaptation. Each of them is characterized by its own characteristics. Parents should know which of them the child has in order to take timely measures and help adapt without consequences for mental and physical health.

Easy degree of adaptation

The addiction lasts approximately 3-4 weeks.

How it goes:

tears dry up as soon as he enters the group;
runs up to the teacher without fear, hugs him, looks into his eyes, smiles;
tells confidentially what happened in the kindergarten;
plays with everyone;
able to ask for help;
fulfills basic adult requirements;
hysterics become quieter and less frequent each time;
does not refuse to eat and sleep with everyone, according to the schedule.

All that parents need in such a situation is to maintain a positive attitude, talk in the evenings about what happened during the day and ask the teacher about their behavior.

Average

Addiction lasts at least 1.5-2 months.

How it goes:

gets sick often;
does not let the parent go in the morning, cries for 10 minutes in the group after that;
gets distracted by games and calms down;
may feel a little sad during the day (not for long);
communicates with the children and the teacher, but without enthusiasm, constantly asks about mom and dad;
unexpectedly leaves the game, steps aside to be alone;
has a selective circle of friends;
adheres to most rules, fulfills requirements, but sometimes may commit minor violations;
may not eat porridge for breakfast or just lie in a quiet hour and not sleep;
He answers all questions about how his day went in monosyllables, with one thought predominating: how bored he was.

In such a situation, one conversation will not be enough. It is recommended to clearly demonstrate love, surround you with care, and spend more time together (in the evenings, on weekends). Read special books and play games that help improve adaptation in kindergarten.

Heavy

The addiction lasts more than 2 months. It is impossible to name the upper limit, since some people never adapt.

How it goes:

when parting with his parents in the morning, he becomes hysterical, cries, breaks out, does not want to undress and go into the group;
after that he cannot calm down for a long time, he runs now to the door, now to the window, constantly asking where mother is and when she will come;
does not make contact with peers or teachers;
if he participates in games, then only with hysterics, attacks of aggression, without listening to or perceiving anyone;
refuses to eat and sleep according to schedule;
does not pay attention to the teacher’s demands, may cry or get scared when he is reprimanded.

Disadaptation may result in parents having to refuse to attend kindergarten and make an appointment with a psychotherapist.

Taking into account these levels, parents will be able to provide their child with all possible assistance in adapting to kindergarten.

Difficult adaptation: how to help your child

Not all children quickly and easily get used to kindergarten. Parents whose kids don’t want to get ready for kindergarten every morning and cry when they part, often don’t know what behavior strategy to choose. A few tips can help in case of difficult adaptation. If these simple methods do not work, the best solution is to consult a psychologist.

If a child is very attached to his mother and is having a hard time parting with her, let his father, grandmother or other relative take him to kindergarten. If your child is very worried when his parents are not around, give him a small thing with you in the group that will remind him of you. It could be a handkerchief with the scent of mom's perfume, a small photograph, or something else. If your child is very homesick, allow him to take a few toys into the group, but not the most beloved and important ones, because in kindergarten they can be forgotten or lost, and this is another reason for frustration. Familiar things will help create a more comfortable environment for the child in the group. If your child has difficulty falling asleep during quiet time, give him a soft toy with which he is used to sleeping at home. Agree with the teacher: let him allow the baby to just lie quietly in the crib if he can’t fall asleep. If your child is cranky in the morning and doesn’t want to go to kindergarten, try to motivate him. Maybe his favorite car or doll is waiting for him in his locker, maybe he’s missing his beautiful sandals or gym shoes? Promise your baby something fun when you pick him up, such as a long walk

But in this case, it is important not to disappoint the child and fulfill the promise. If your child can’t adapt to the group, play kindergarten at home. Let the child use toys to reproduce ordinary situations: a walk, lunch, going to bed

The game helps parents learn more about what is happening in the garden, and allows the baby to let go of negative emotions. If several weeks have already passed, and the child cries inconsolably when parting and when meeting in the evening, and is depressed during the day, you should think about softening the regime. You can come to kindergarten later or pick up your baby early.

No matter how the adaptation goes, do not forget to praise the child for all successes. Was this the first time he didn't cry when he broke up? Be sure to say that you are very proud of him. Constantly emphasize that the baby has gone to kindergarten and has become an adult and independent, praise him in front of friends and relatives.

The first day in kindergarten and what is important for the child’s safety

Exchange numbers with teachers and nannies;
Tell about all the child’s diseases and allergies;
Find out about the potty (some kindergartens need it, others don’t);
Tell other wishes about the child.

Afterwards, there is usually an introduction to the children’s group, where they are fed breakfast and shown the layout and daily routine. It is advisable to remember all the necessary, in your opinion, points.

Coming home after kindergarten is also an important stage in a child’s development. He experienced a lot of stress on the first day of kindergarten, and he needs peace and quiet at home so that the child does not get nervous. Try to speak calmly and quietly, in a soft voice.

If the first day brings him pleasure, then later he will be happy to go there. Otherwise, he will constantly be capricious on the way to it, in addition, constant frustration can contribute to the child’s frequent illnesses. So try to make this day happy.

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First day in kindergarten: what parents should do

We bring the child to kindergarten. So, you leave your baby in the group for the first time. Try to remain calm yourself: your excitement will easily be passed on to your child. Don’t rush him - wait until the baby takes off his clothes (help him if necessary), show him his personal locker, put his things there with him. Go to the group and introduce him to the teachers. Don't leave right away, wait until the baby gets used to it a little. In some kindergartens, on the first day, parents can spend several hours in a group with their child. But if the teacher asks you to leave, be understanding - some kids find it easier to get comfortable in a group when their mother is not around.

We say goodbye correctly. When you are ready to leave, be sure to say goodbye to your baby. Do not disappear suddenly - this can greatly frighten the child, and in the future he will have a hard time dealing with the separation. Remember your farewell ritual. Hug and kiss the baby, be sure to tell him when you will return for him. Then walk away with confidence. Even if the child bursts into tears, you should not linger too long. On the first day, teachers will make every effort to calm the baby. He has so many things ahead of him: washing his hands, studying with teachers, getting ready for a walk - often there is simply no time left for tears. Many children stop crying within 10-15 minutes after mom or dad leaves, although exceptions are possible - it all depends on the individual characteristics of the particular child.

We pick up the baby from kindergarten. Be true to your word - pick up the child exactly at the time at which you promised to come for him

On the first day it is especially important not to be late. Meet your baby with a smile, be sure to ask him what he was doing

Spend the rest of the day with your child: you can cook food together, have dinner with the whole family, play, read at night. Let the evening pass as usual for the baby, and let the parents pay maximum attention to him. The child must make sure that when he starts attending kindergarten, family relationships have not changed - everyone loves him just the same.

Mommy, stay!

Do not despair if, during the first time of visiting kindergarten, your child enters the group with tears in his eyes. This is an absolutely normal reaction at this age. Just try to cheer up the baby. Tell him that new friends and many interesting toys and activities await him in kindergarten.

If this does not help and the child does not calm down, try the next method. For example, your child has a favorite juice or cereal, or something else that you buy with him in the supermarket. Bring him to the garden and tell him that you will go to the store now, buy his favorite juice and come back.

Children don’t yet understand time, so they won’t be able to understand that it’s a 10-minute walk to the store, but you’re gone for 3 hours. They just need to be sure that their parents will definitely come back for them, and as a nice bonus, they will receive their favorite juice, candy, etc.

Just don’t do this every day, otherwise you risk spoiling your child with your purchases, and in the future he will also begin to blackmail you with this. Use this method once a week - this is enough.

On all other days, just say that you will come for the baby when he eats/sleeps/plays. In general, it will take 2-3 months for the moral adaptation of a child aged 1.5-2.5 years. During this period of time, the child will already recognize and remember all the kindergarten staff and his classmates, and will feel confident in the team. Be sure to consult with your doctor about your child’s readiness to attend kindergarten. During the adaptation period, all children often get sick, since in the group there is a constant exchange of infections between the kids, so if the child is not particularly healthy at home, then perhaps it is still worth taking measures and postponing visiting kindergarten for a year. During this period, experts recommend hardening the body, thereby increasing its support functions to acute viral respiratory diseases.