1 YEAR. THE EIGHTH LEAP OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT: PLANNING AND ACHIEVEMENT OF GOALS

04.02.2020

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Over the past 12 months, your baby has experienced a period of active growth and development. The main growth spurts are already behind you, your little one has already begun to walk independently, pronounce the first words, eat adult food and show an active interest in the world around him. However, after a year, the child also experiences growth spurts, less frequently, but now they last longer - 2-3 weeks. It is important for the mother to know about them in order to understand the reasons for this or that behavior of the baby.

Development leap per year

Week 55 - the world of programs

The first signs of a leap can be seen around 51 weeks, at 11 months, its peak occurs at 53 weeks, and new skills appear by 55 weeks.

Great changes occur in the baby’s mental development. He is ready to explore the world of software. If before this he perceived the world in categories and sequences (one event follows another), now he understands the meaning of “if-then”: the event that happens next depends on what happens now.

Also, the child perceives a series of actions as one event. He understands that a dirty plate is placed in water, washed with a sponge, wiped with a towel, and this is all called “washing the dishes.” The baby knows what it means to get dressed, sit down to eat, take a walk, and go to the store.

He tries to find different solutions for certain problems.

Signs of a growth spurt during this period:

• The baby is easily upset - his mood often changes.
• He may cry more often
• Baby is more capricious than usual
• At times, he may not leave your side—separation anxiety worsens, which also affects sleep.

Dream

During the surge period, daytime sleep is often spoiled, and the duration of sleep in general is reduced. Children at this age begin to wake up earlier than usual in the morning.

Since sleep for a one-year-old child means parting with you, he may begin to resist going to bed. Falling asleep, as a rule, is delayed, and the baby sleeps restlessly.

Now it is important to maintain a predictable routine.

To survive this period, maintain consistent rituals for falling asleep and waking up, do not allow the child to accumulate fatigue, maintain a calm wakefulness before going to bed, organize daytime naps by the hour.

Check your emotional state. If you are anxious, tense, upset, the child will take on these emotions. Be calm and confident while laying down. Then it will be easier for the baby to let you go.

Learn to say goodbye to your child when you leave. Don't sneak out while he's not looking. Otherwise, over time, the baby will not let you go at all and will begin to follow you around the house. Say a warm and loving, “Bye, mommy will be back soon,” and let your child see you leaving the house. He will understand that when you say “bye” it means you are leaving but will come back.

Calm, but don't create new negative habits. If your baby does not go to bed during the day or wakes up crying all night, he needs to be calmed down. But do it right - at such moments you don’t need to read books, turn on cartoons, put him in your bed or lie next to his bed. This way, separation anxiety will pass, but the negative association will remain.

Crisis of the first year of life

“Should we trust this world?”

The first crisis occurs in children under one year of age. A baby just born is defenseless and helpless. He literally can't survive without people around to take care of him.

But it is important for a child not only to be fed and washed. The baby needs confidence: they were waiting for him here

He needs to see joy and happiness on the faces of the people who care about him in order to subsequently trust people, himself and the world. With constant care, affection, reliable presence, endless hugs and kisses, mom and dad prove: being born is wonderful!

But if a child encounters poor care, indifference, or observes that loved ones are suffering, sad, swearing, or often absent, he makes a number of disappointing conclusions. Conclusion about yourself: “I don’t make them happy, that means I’m bad.” Conclusion about people in general: “people are unreliable, unstable, and should not be trusted.” The child makes all these conclusions unconsciously, but they become his guide to action, because this is his real experience. Therefore, in the future, some people see the glass as half full, while others see it as empty. Some see opportunities, while others see problems. Some find the strength to fight difficulties, while others give up without a fight, because deep down they know that everything is useless, because “I’m bad” and “you can’t trust anyone.” This is the significance of the first age crisis observed in children under one year of age.

Child development leaps after one year

Week 65 - the world of principles

At 14-15 months, the baby learns to think about different ways to achieve his goals and about the consequences of his decisions. To get what he wants, he begins to repeat after others, be capricious and whine. You may notice that your baby sometimes becomes aggressive when he tries to persuade adults to do what he wants.

Signs of a growth spurt will be similar to last time:

• Frequent mood swings, hysterics
• It is difficult for a child to switch from negative emotions
• Jealousy of mom, won't let her go
• Changeable appetite
• Anxious dream

Dream

During this period, sleep may suffer due to the emergence of discipline problems. The child tries to behave in relation to sleep in such a way as to get what he wants: “I want to stay awake longer - I will protest while going to bed,” “I want my mother to be nearby at night - I will scream, get out of the crib or cry.”

Please note: as soon as the baby sees that adults reinforce this behavior, it will become a habit. So your goal now is to set clear rules around sleep.

Week 75 - the world of systems

During this growth spurt, which occurs around 17 months, your baby learns the concept of "system." For example, that his family is different from his friend’s family, his cars are not the same as the other boy’s on the playground. The baby begins to understand the differences and is interested in exploring everything around him.

He also learns to understand that he himself chooses how to behave: to help, be patient, honest, take care of someone, or vice versa. From this age, the child begins to develop values ​​and norms of behavior.

By the end of the jump, you will notice that the child has become calmer, more confident, has begun to play more independently and is easier to let go of you. He realizes that mom will always come back when she leaves.

Dream

What your baby comes to expect from sleep at this age will influence how he approaches rest in the future. At this age, he tests the boundaries of what is permitted. And first of all, in relation to sleep. Therefore, now it is important to remain consistent in your actions and show your child what is possible and what is not. So far, he himself has no idea about this. This is the task of parents.

Which growth spurt is your baby going through right now? What difficulties did you encounter?

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Crisis 6–11 years

“How to survive and adapt to the world?”

The age of 6–7 years is associated with the beginning of learning in many cultures. A child goes to school, he masters the system of knowledge that previous generations have accumulated

It is important to make training supportive rather than punitive. A child loses interest when he does not see the interest of adults (parents, teachers) in the process itself, when academic grades, templates, standards are more important to them than the lively sparkle in the child’s eyes

When, during the learning process, instead of support, a child hears insults from an adult and threats to “become a janitor,” this not only lowers self-esteem, but also destroys the desire to learn.

It is important for parents to find an area that the child is really interested in and convince him with his behavior: “I believe in you, you can do it, you will succeed!” If it's not math, then maybe football; not football, but dancing; not dancing - so beading

Often parents see “success” solely within the school curriculum, but this is wrong. If the child is “not interested in anything” at all, it means that the amount of criticism has already gone off scale and the child has formed a stable idea of ​​himself as an incompetent and worthless person.

It is important for a child to see adults in his close circle who are passionate about their work, have hobbies, and enjoy their activities. This becomes a source of inspiration and gives rise to the desire to learn on your own.

If he hears grumbling about boring work, observes the eternal wait for Friday and weekends, monotony and routine, then he has no one to take a positive example from. “Why learn something only to suffer the same way later?”

Hard work is cultivated through pleasure, through gaining the feeling of “I can!”, which is stimulated by the support and interest of parents. And the feeling of inferiority is born as a result of parental indifference and excessive criticism. As a result, having become adults, people set themselves completely different levels of ambition: some are interested in “pie in the sky,” while others are content with “bird in hand.”

Growth retardation in children: clinical guidelines

If you suspect short stature in your child, you need to find out its exact cause:

• Pay attention to growth growth at every pediatrician examination. Normally, it should not be less than 3 cm per year;
• if the baby does not gain weight well and does not melt, contact an endocrinologist as soon as possible;
• At the next stage, a full examination is necessary to make the correct diagnosis. X-rays and examination by an orthopedist can be done at Ladisten Clinic.

Causes of stunting

Growth retardation occurs for many reasons; in the table we consider the main ones:

Diagnosis of growth retardation

Growth retardation is mainly determined by endocrinologists, but an orthopedic consultation is additionally prescribed. First, the doctor collects anamnesis and calculates the child’s target height. Parental genetics and nationality play a significant role. Other diagnostic points include:

1. Anthropometry. Includes assessment of three parameters - growth SDS, growth rate, growth rate SDS. They show how much the child’s physical development corresponds to age standards. A percentile curve is constructed, which is needed for diagnosis and for choosing treatment tactics. Standard Deviation Score (SDS) – standard deviation coefficient.
2. Determination of body proportions. A proportional physique indicates the absence of dysplasia.
3. X-ray. To fully visualize the structure of the skeleton, an x-ray is taken. X-rays of the hands determine bone age.
4. Lab tests. Most diagnoses are confirmed using blood tests. In addition to general indicators, the values ​​of glucose, antibodies to gliadin, transglutaminase, T4 and TSH hormones are important. They also perform GH stimulation tests, karyotyping, and determine IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1).