Logic and mathematics - what to develop?
1. Learn the concept of “many - little”.
2. Closer to three years - master the concept of “more-less” (determine the number of objects in a group - which ones are more and which ones are smaller).
3. Learn to distinguish between the number of objects “one” and “two”. (At a minimum. You can go further, learn to count to 3 - 4, but not all children aged 2 to 3 can do this - take into account the child’s interest and his abilities).
4.Learn to sort objects - by size, by color, by type (sort different types of pasta, buttons, large and small objects (circles, squares, etc.)), try other types of sorting.
5. Learn to navigate in space (learn the concepts of higher, lower, right, left).
6. Fold yourself, without the help of your mother, elementary puzzles or cut-out pictures from 2-3-4 parts (this skill develops gradually and becomes more developed closer to three years; at first, the mother helps the child).
7. Learn to match - play “who eats what”, “where is whose house”, “where is whose tail” (with cards or in pictures in books and manuals).
8. Play riddles - the mother describes an object or animal in the simplest form, the child guesses it from the description (for example - small, fluffy, with long white ears, jumps like that and eats carrots, who is it? Who says “moo-moo” and gives milk? Etc. Gradually you can complicate the riddles).
9. Guess the animal from the description.
10. Stack several nesting dolls and cups into each other.
11. Build a tower from cubes/cups with decreasing size:
12. Learn to compare figures, geometric bodies with their projections (Dyenesha blocks, homemade preparations):
13. Closer to three years - designing simple structures according to the drawing (approximately like in the picture, but it’s better to start with two parts):
14. Starting from 2.5 years old, play Nikitin’s “Fold the Square” (at first, together with the child, but very quickly children learn to assemble it on their own):
15. Starting from 2.5 years old - play prefabricated puzzles:
16. Learn to classify objects according to a general characteristic (for example: cards with images of toys, food, animals are laid out in front of the child. The child is asked to arrange them into appropriate groups (for example, toys in a box, food in a “refrigerator”, animals in a “house”). At first, the child learns to arrange objects with the active help of his mother.For the learning to be successful, it is better to play for a long time with the same set of objects (for example, to begin with, for a long time sorting cards of only toys and food).
Cards or wooden “Pick a Group” toys are great for mastering this skill:
17. Classification of objects - play the game “what’s in this room?” (find what is round in this room? What is soft in this room, etc.).
18. Games with Dienesh blocks, with a simple construction set, and other suitable items (toys, pasta, buttons, beads, etc.) by type:
- find objects, figures of the same shape;
- find objects, figures of the same color;
- find objects, figures of the same size;
- find the same figures by size, thickness and other characteristics.
19. Games with Cuisenaire sticks.
20. Play “part and whole” - “whose tail is this”, “match the roof to the house”, etc.
21. Learn to find a figure based on two signs (for example, find a large yellow circle (in a group of objects there is also a small yellow circle and circles of other colors), a small red square, etc.).
22. Closer to three years (and very individually) - find mistakes in pictures (working with manuals) - what is missing, what is wrong, which of the objects is the wrong color, etc. The very inexpensive manuals from the “Smart Books” series are great for this:
Where to start
Classes for 2-year-old children should begin with the development of hand motor skills. Buy blocks or construction sets and build towers and houses with your child. First, start with primitive figures; after a couple of days, the child will begin to assemble such structures on his own. Just don’t play silently, talk to your child all the time and show emotions. Say positive words and praise him.
Probably every mother notices that during this period children actively want to take part in household chores. Let them sweep on their own or give them a duster to wipe up dust. This is how you lay the initial foundation for understanding what help is. Always give your child the opportunity to help you, otherwise in the future you will have to force him to do house cleaning.
Development of attention.
1. Play “Find it!” - we ask the child to find an object in the room (find where your teddy bear is, where the red cube is), on the street (look through the window - find where the dog is walking? Find the red car!), search in a picture in a book, etc. .P. – you can play anytime, anywhere. This game is very simple, children are easily drawn into it. At the same time, attention and the ability to concentrate it develop very well.
2. The game “Find a Pair” is a more complicated version than it was for a year or two - find a pair among objects that are very similar to each other. For example:
3. Find the same pattern (pairs of mittens, hats, cups and saucers, patches for towels, roofs for houses, etc.):
4. Closer to three years - build a turret, a house according to the drawing (you need to start with 2 parts).
5. Games with Dienesh blocks, Cuisenaire sticks.
6. Search for objects based on one characteristic - find what is red, hard, soft, round, large, etc. in this room. (you can play anywhere).
7. Search for objects based on two characteristics - find what is large and white, small and hard, etc. in this room.
8. Play hide and seek with the child (hide so that the baby can easily find it, prompt the child by calling him with your voice).
Where can you go with a 2 year old child?
In modern big and small cities there are always entertaining and educational rooms for children:
- Indoor playgrounds
- Trampolines and mazes
- Montessori school for little ones
- Drawing lessons (any creativity)
- Dance and gymnastics club
Where else can you go with a 2-year-old child:
- To the dolphinarium
- In the pool
- To the park (lunar park, amusement park)
- To the zoo
- To the puppet theater
How to develop memory.
1. “What’s missing?” - remember the pictures (toys) laid out on the table, guess which picture mom hid. Memorizing objects is carried out in a playful way - the mother tells a fairy tale about objects that are laid out on the table; during the process of the fairy tale, the child manages to remember its characters well. After this, mom takes one of them and asks “who is missing?” You can read more about how to play this game with very young children here.
2. What appeared? – we play according to the same principle as written in the previous paragraph, but we do not hide, but add toys, the child must determine which toy the mother added.
3. Hide 3-4 toys with the child. Then ask him to find them (we search from memory).
4. Ask the child to bring 2-3 items (we bring items from memory).
5. Together with the mother, remember what the child did yesterday, in the morning, some time ago, what events happened on the street (which friends were out today, what toys they had, etc.).
6. Remember what is drawn in the picture and answer questions about what was drawn there after the picture is closed.
7. Game “Find a Pair” with hide and seek – the mother shows the child a picture and hides it behind her back. Asks to find the same picture in a group of cards (the child looks for a paired picture not holding it in his hand, as usual, but from memory):
8. Game of “thimbles”. We take multi-colored cups and put a toy under one of them. We swap the cups several times, then ask them to find where the toy is hidden (we gradually increase the number of toys and cups).
9. “Memory” - a game with 2-3 cards. We put cards in front of the child, the child remembers them (to help him, you can tell a fairy tale about the heroes who are drawn in the pictures; while listening to the fairy tale, the child will remember the location of the cards well. The “fairy tale” can be very simple from 4-5 sentences). We turn the cards picture side down - this way, all the pictures are hidden from the baby and are not visible to him. We ask the child to find where a certain card is located from memory (“find which card has a bear on it?”). Another version of "Memory" can be found here.
How to develop a two-year-old, and what activities are needed for this
If adults have set the task of regularly engaging with children using educational games and programs, they should know that, first of all, their child should like such a “game.” It’s good if these lessons combine elements that allow children to use all their senses, and, finally, you can play until the child gets tired of the fun or gets tired.
For the information of mothers and fathers, children can get tired of even their favorite toys, which is why the proposed entertainment is so different from traditional games. But for a child, this is a real adventure that can take him to a magical land.
To entertain a two-year-old baby, you will need a bit of imagination:
Laces, ribbons, ropes, zippers
To develop fine motor skills, so necessary for two-year-old children, it is not necessary to spend money on special educational games and toys. For this purpose, things that are found in every home are suitable, for example, all kinds of ribbons, frills, ties, buckles. These are laces on shoes, belts, on old clothes, you can also find many additional accessories - buttons, appliqués, fabric flowers.
After cleaning or washing the item, you can give it to the baby for fun, show how to do lacing, how to open and close zippers, and use fasteners. By attaching three multi-colored ribbons or strings to the back of a chair, you can show your child how to braid a braid correctly. The young researcher will certainly enjoy these activities, and he will be happy to begin learning new skills.
Games with hydrogel balls
Playing with hydrogel balls is another activity that can captivate a two-year-old child for a long time (but at this age, when playing with hydrogel, you need to be close to the child and make sure that the baby does not eat the hydrogel ball!) Very pleasant to the touch balls not only develop fine motor skills . which is important for two-year-old children, but also has a calming effect on the baby.
Read more about games with hydrogel here.
Skeins of thread, wool, pompoms
With the help of such “balls”, multi-colored and soft, you can develop your child’s motor skills, activate his thought processes and logic. Old pom-poms can be used to play cups. To do this, take ordinary plastic glasses, turn them over, and place a pompom under one of them. The child has to guess where the ball is.
Using multi-colored balls of wool, you can study color, number of objects and the basics of arithmetic with your baby. In addition, children can simply have fun winding and unwinding threads, throwing them and catching them, and get an idea of the texture of these things by touching them with their fingers and palms.
Kinetic (plastic) sand
One of the useful inventions of mankind was this very product - kinetic sand, which is also called plastic due to its unique properties of maintaining the flowability of ordinary dry sand and holding its shape perfectly, like wet sand. Thanks to these features, kinetic sand is pleasant to the touch, the child enjoys playing with it, kneading it in his hands, and pouring it from one container to another.
This develops imagination and fine motor skills, which, in turn, has an active influence on speech development. It’s not without reason that they say: “A child’s speech is at his fingertips.” Nerve endings located at the fingertips stimulate areas of the brain responsible for the development of a child’s speech. Therefore, if you don’t yet know what to do with a 2-year-old child at home, you should acquire such useful children’s entertainment. We wrote about how to make kinetic sand yourself in this article.
Plastic sand can also be colored, placed in transparent jars; the set may contain various molds with which you can put figures, build towers, mountains, entire cities - exciting activities for a child of two years old, from which he will not want to tear himself away. See more ideas for educational games with kenetic (living) sand here.
Rags, pieces of fabric, towels, sheets
Not knowing what to do with a 2-year-old child at home, adults can try using various types of fabrics with different textures. When touching different types of texture - pieces of silk, velvet or cotton, the sensitivity of the baby's hands increases and the tactile function of the skin develops. The game can take the form of a question-and-answer game. The baby should close his eyes, feel the material and try to recognize it, simultaneously describing it in words.
Using scraps of cotton or calico, you can teach children to tie knots, starting with the simplest types. In the end, from unnecessary pieces of fabric you can make a bag for your baby for toys or other small things that he will collect. Another option is a small hammock, hung low under the table so that the baby can climb into it on his own. By adding a couple of pillows to the “building materials”, adults have the opportunity to delight their child with a homemade house, a tent, or design a swing for their favorite toys – bears, bunnies and dolls.
Pasta – cones, spirals, shells
All types of pasta are suitable for role-playing games, except noodles and thin strips; it’s good if they have different colors. This is an excellent and safe material so that a two-year-old girl can feed her dolls delicious porridge. For boys, pasta may seem like construction material that needs to be transported to a construction site in the back of toy cars.
Old equipment out of order
Many children perceive real, adult things with great interest. If there are old cell phones, calculators, headphones, wool clippers in the house, all this can be given to the child. He will enthusiastically study them - he will start, of course, by pressing buttons, but soon he can get to the insides of the device, and here parents will have to control the process, because children are big fans of putting small parts in their mouths.
Hole punch and strings
A great idea is to prepare a hole punch and thick sheets of cardboard, preferably multi-colored, for the baby. First, you can instruct the child to make more holes, and then provide him with laces, ropes or ribbons. Let mom or dad secure the first lace with a knot and ask the child to continue creating his work of art; for sure, something interesting and unusual will come out of this idea.
Tubes, bottles, jars
Two-year-old children show special interest in transparent jars, as well as in any containers. After all, you can put something in them, and kids enjoy opening and closing these little lids. You can pour beads or nuts into a transparent bottle, and then you get a rattle. You can also practice pouring water using these items.
Boxes and boxes
Cardboard and paper boxes, matchboxes, packaging for cosmetics, medicines, and household appliances are especially attractive to young children. After all, this material can make an excellent house for dolls, a piggy bank where you can put various important little things, and you can make a car from large boxes. Candy boxes are suitable as a frame for children's drawings.
Salt dough and plasticine
For the development of creative abilities, ordinary salt dough is the best choice, which is in no way inferior to store-bought plasticine or expensive polymer clay. It is easy for a child to wrinkle and roll it out, it does not get dirty. If you make a thin pancake out of it, your son or daughter can easily create a picturesque picture on it using matches, beads, buttons, dry twigs and leaves, threads, and cereals.
Sand, salt, cereals
In fact, in order to enrich the child's tactile experience, you can use other bulk materials, such as small gravel, coins, glass beads, aquarium soil, beads, small nuts, beads, small buttons and much more. For a variety of games, you can color the cereal (we wrote about how to color rice in this article). Games can be very different. This includes sifting using strainers with large and small cells of different types of cereals. You can start with two, for example, semolina and buckwheat, gradually adding other components. A two-year-old child can be asked to draw with semolina (read more about drawing with semolina in this article)
If the baby is not yet ready for such manipulations, you can start sorting larger and smaller fractions. Small materials - salt or sand - are suitable for creating paintings; you just need to pour them into a low tray or baking sheet, level them and let the child create his masterpieces with his fingers. First, the parent will have to teach this to his son or daughter - show him how to do it correctly.
Later, the baby will be able to make beautiful appliques on his own, pouring colored semolina or other cereals onto a pre-drawn image. Of course, you can just do the pouring, but then it is better to use transparent containers or containers.
Business board and magic chest
A purchased busy board is a board with all sorts of details attached to it that should interest the child. You can create such a thing with your own hands from a sheet of chipboard, the corners of which will need to be turned in advance. The front side should be bright and attractive - you can stick bright images of your baby’s favorite characters or colorful fairy-tale pictures on it.
Next, it remains to securely fix a variety of things on such a stand, starting with small toys - balls, pom-poms, old wristwatches, and ending with a mobile phone, padlocks, sockets, buttons, empty jars, pens without rods, a street bell, switches. The more different details, the more interesting it is for a two-year-old. Playing with a magic chest (handbag or pouch) is of a similar nature, and the child can periodically take it out and examine his treasures. The main thing is that all items are clean and safe.
Understanding what to do with a 2-year-old child at home, adults should not forget about such classic ways of entertaining and educating the child as reading good books, listening to music and singing, daily physical exercises carried out in the form of games and instilling a love of sports, because such types developments are most effective and always relevant.
Physical development.
1. Jump in place on two legs. Closer to three years - learn to jump forward (but not everyone succeeds in this).
2. Learn to throw and catch a ball, throw a ball against a wall.
3. Throw up a balloon or ball.
4. Maintain balance while walking along a board placed on the floor, along a bench, or a beam.
5. Depict animal movements as shown by mother.
6. Crawl (like a boa constrictor, like a caterpillar) on your stomach forward.
7. Jump like a bunny.
8. Pretend to be a bird - wave your arms while running around the room, squat - “look for grains in the grass”, jump - “fly up”.
9. Stomp loudly, raising your legs high, like an elephant.
10. Swim like an octopus: lie on your back, raise your arms and legs up, wave your arms and legs (“swim”).
11. Run fast, slow, on your toes.
12. Sitting on the floor, knock on the floor with your feet, “like a drum.”
13. Roll on the floor like a bun.
14. Jump from a half-squat like a frog.
15. Dance and practice logorhythmics (to the music of the Zheleznovs and other authors).
16. Lift objects from the floor by bending or squatting.
17. Reach your arms up, reaching for objects that are located high (the mother can hold objects at the height of the child’s outstretched arm).
18. Move around the room without touching objects scattered on the floor (for example, pillows), gradually increasing the pace and number of objects.
19. Carry large, but not heavy things (for example, a highchair, a light box of toys).
20. Walking on massage surfaces.
21. Walking on tiptoes, closer to three years - on heels.
22. Perform dance movements - place the foot on the toe, on the heel.
23. Walking along a winding line drawn on the floor (or a strip of paper) - development of coordination.
24. Crawling under a tight rope.
25. Game “Catch a sunny bunny” - we play with a sunny bunny that mom lets out.
26. Collective games: dance in a circle, run like a train after each other (children hold on to each other), games with a special children’s play parachute, games of “catch up”, “wolf and bunnies”, etc.
27. "Cat and mouse." While the cat is sleeping (an imaginary cat or another adult), the children and mother walk quietly. When the cat wakes up, they quickly run into the house.
28. Hanging on the horizontal bar, rings, mother’s hands.
29. Climb on sports walls at home, on playgrounds.
30. Walking on “bumps” (chaotically scattered pillows, books).
31. Climb through a tunnel (purchased or built from chairs placed in a row).
32. Fitball games.
33. Game “Snail and House”. The child gets on all fours. A pillow is placed on his back. He turns into a snail, which carries its house (pad) on its back. The snail's task is to go as far as possible without dropping its house (we crawl on all fours, carrying a pillow on our back).
34. Walking on your hands:
Music and rhythm.
1. Listen to a lot of songs according to age.
2. Learn to listen to music - while listening to classical melodies with your mother, listen to your mother’s story “What does this melody tell us?” It’s easy to come up with such a story yourself (for example, like this), with its help the child develops the ability to truly listen to music, to capture its shades and mood.
3. Learn to distinguish between fast and slow music, learn to play noise musical instruments quickly and slowly.
4. Learn to distinguish between happy and sad music.
5. Learn to distinguish between loud and quiet music, learn to play noise musical instruments loudly and quietly.
6. If there is an opportunity (large family) to play the game “who called?” (the child guesses by voice who is calling him).
7. Listen with your mother to the “sounds of life” - birds chirping, a car making noise, leaves rustling, etc.
8. Try to determine where the sound is coming from (for example, “do you hear a bird chirping? What tree do you think it’s sitting on?”).
9. Practice logorhythmics (to the music of the Zheleznovs and other authors).
10. Play musical instruments (children's and noise instruments - drum, maracas, tambourine, xylophone, etc.).
11. Get acquainted with various instruments and their sounds (you can watch videos on YouTube with your child, where performers play classical music on various instruments).
12. Closer to three years (if the child is fond of songs and remembers many melodies by ear) - play guess the melody - the mother sings the melody (“A Christmas tree was born in the forest”, “Antoshka”), the baby guesses what kind of song it is.
13. Sing songs to your child.
14. Dancing - quickly, slowly, stamping your feet, clapping your hands, twirling your palms - the "flashlight" movement, jumping, putting your feet on your toes - on your heels when dancing, tapping your heel on the floor, tapping your toes on the floor, doing a round dance, dancing with objects – spoons (we dance and knock spoons on the floor, against each other, over our heads, behind our backs, loudly-quietly, quickly slowly), maracas rattles (we dance and accompany ourselves, perform the same movements as with spoons), with handkerchiefs ( alone and in pairs with mom.)
15. Encourage independent performance of dance movements to dance tunes. Intensify the performance of movements accompanied by music that convey the character of the animals depicted.
Finger toys
Finger toys in the form of fairy-tale characters and animals are sold in stores; you can knit them yourself, if possible. The finger theater will amuse the baby and create the atmosphere of a fairy tale, the main character of which will be your baby. In a playful way, he will gain an understanding of simple human concepts and principles: time, environment, good, evil, strength, weakness, courage. The game allows children to explore the world around them. This way you can learn counting, the alphabet, the concepts of “right” and “left”. Develops imagination, concentration, attention, perseverance and abstract thinking. The child learns to relate himself to the heroes of the fairy tale and choose which hero he likes. The psycho-emotional component of the child’s inner world develops. By taking such a finger theater with you for a walk or to the clinic, you can avoid whims and have an interesting time.
Drawing.
1. Draw paths.
2. Draw circles.
3. Draw simple compositions - rain, snow, grass, Christmas tree decorations on the tree, circles (which will be balls, apples, etc.), draw sticks - strings for balls, stems (sticks) for flowers, handles for shoulder blades, hedgehog needles, grass, patterns (random) on cups, rugs, towels.
4. Draw vertical and horizontal lines.
5. Draw short and long lines.
6. Closer to three years - color pictures (some drawing teachers are against coloring - they believe that coloring kills creativity (since the child does not draw on his own, but works according to a ready-made template). Decide individually whether to teach your child to color or not).
7. Draw the child’s attention to the choice of color for the drawing (we draw the grass in green, the rays of the sun in yellow).
8. Draw with a stick on sand, semolina, snow.
9. Leave prints with paints using stamps and sponges.
10. Learn to paint with paints (wash and wet the brush).
11. Paint with finger paints.
Developing baby's speech
At two years old, your child should not only know the name of an object, but also give a short description of it. Ask them to tell you as often as possible what the baby saw and retell the fairy tales you read. To do this, it is necessary to conduct thematic classes with the child. 2 years is the age when children are inquisitive and love to listen and watch. While reading stories, analyze what is happening. You can use finger puppets. Do little theater shows with questions and answers.
For example, when reading a fairy tale, skip a word and ask your child to add his own words that fit the meaning. Do the same with poems - let the child say the ending. Always use facial expressions and body movements when telling another interesting story. Children love when there is some action. Toys, cardboard cutouts and dolls make great characters for your stories.
After each book you read, ask questions about the content. Let the child develop attentiveness and memory. Pay attention to little things and details. When reading dialogues, always change the voices. The child must imagine all the characters in detail. Also ask him to retell the story - let him use facial expressions and voice.
Modeling.
1. Roll out plasticine and dough with straight and circular movements of your hands (balls and sausages).
2. Break off small lumps from a large lump, flatten them with your palms and fingers.
3. Connect the ends of the rolled stick, pressing them tightly against each other.
4. Just play with dough and plasticine (free creativity).
5. Sculpt lumps of plasticine onto paper (feed the chicken, make dots for the ladybug, etc.).
6. Master the technique of smearing plasticine on paper.
7. Leave imprints on the dough with various objects.
8. Cut out shapes from the dough using cookie cutters.
9. Learn to cut dough with a plastic knife.
The world.
1. Continue studying domestic and wild animals and their young. Learn simple facts about animals (where they live, what they eat, characteristic features, for example, “a cow gives milk”, “a goat butts”, etc.), learn what pets give to a person, learn the names of the main parts of an animal’s body (horns) , hooves, etc.).
2. Birds - expand your knowledge about bird species, study basic facts about birds (where they live, what they eat, how offspring appear, names of chicks). Gets acquainted with the division into domestic and wild birds (just talk through this with the child, when studying birds, emphasize that someone lives next to a person and benefits him, someone is a wild bird and lives on its own).
3. Insects – study the most common insects (ant, bee, butterfly, etc.); know the simplest facts from their life (a bee brings honey, a caterpillar gnaws on leaves, etc.), recognize them by their appearance, and cultivate a kind attitude towards insects. Bring to the understanding that all insects are alive: they breathe, move, feed.
4. Get acquainted with the concept of day and night. Try to distinguish between morning, lunch, evening.
5. Get acquainted with natural phenomena: rain, snow, wind, rainbows.
6. Get acquainted with 3-4 trees and flowers that are most characteristic of the area.
7. Fruits, vegetables, berries, mushrooms: have an idea, know the names of the most common ones in everyday life.
8. Seasons: get acquainted with the signs, read fairy tales and poems dedicated to each season (the average child will be able to “get acquainted” with the concept, clearly draw boundaries between different seasons after 3 years). An example of educational activities on this topic can be found here: spring 1, spring_2, winter, autumn.
9. Gets acquainted with the concept of the materials from which surrounding objects are made (paper, wood, stone, glass).
10. Explore topics:
- Transport.
- Doctor, clinic.
- Shop.
- Family.
- The world of the sea (inhabitants, sea elements, ships).
- Train and railway, rails, carriages, driver.
- Fish, aquarium, underwater world. (Observe the fish, note their features (“Has a tail, eyes, mouth, lives in water”).
- City.
11. Adult labor. Learn to distinguish some labor actions. Foster a sense of respect for the work of mother and other people.
12. Generalization of the topic “Man” - structure, parts of the body (if parents wish - basic knowledge about internal organs), health, conversation about the need for hygiene.
13. Household appliances, electrical appliances. Safety rules for handling electricity (sockets, plugs of electrical appliances).
14. Professions. (At this age, it is better to study professions without interruption from the general topic. For example, we study the topic “transport” - along the way we study the professions of driver, pilot, etc. We study the topic “doctor, health” - we study the profession of doctor, nurse, etc.) .
15. If at the age of 2 to 3 you plan to send your child to kindergarten, pay attention to introducing the child to the theme of kindergarten, talk and play through the most important points - independence, parting and meeting with mother, independent sleep, routine, respect for teachers, etc. .P.
I want to remember everything!
What is memory? This is the ability to reflect on past experiences. From birth, the baby perfectly develops reflexes that are based on memory. At first the baby does not react at all to his parents, but then he begins to smile at his mother, who is associated with food. He simply remembered that this particular woman was capable of giving milk. This is a primitive example, which is based on the child’s first memory experience.
At 2-3 years old, involuntary memory appears: the baby remembers some words and simple poems. Naturally, in order to remember them, you need to speak and show them repeatedly. This is why children need developmental activities. 2 years is a very important age. Use toys and picture cards, remember that lessons should not last more than 30 minutes.
Let's look at a few simple games that will help develop memory skills.
- Place any three toys in front of your baby. Talk about each of them. Next, ask the child to turn away and remove one character behind his back. Let the child name who is missing in this three. Over time, increase the number of participants - the more items, the more difficult it is to remember them.
- Show your child the picture, then turn it over and ask him to describe the action drawn. To make it easier, you can ask leading questions, for example, “what color dress is the girl wearing?”, “What grows near the tree?” Ask to bring items from another room.
- Get into the habit of socializing before bed. For example, read a fairy tale, and tomorrow afternoon let the child tell the story he heard. Ask them to tell you what interesting things happened to the little family member all day. Sing songs and recite rhymes. All this contributes to the development of the memory of your beloved child.
Development while walking.
1. Traffic rules: introduce the child to the rules for crossing the road, explain the dangers of inattentive behavior on the road. Explain that the sidewalk is for people, the road is for cars. Discuss the rules for safe crossing of the roadway (traffic lights, zebra crossings). To develop children's powers of observation and the ability to correctly assess traffic on the road (learn to check whether it is possible to cross the road, evaluate how cars are moving - fast or slow, explain that we cross the road only when there are no cars or they are far away). Learn to cross the road only with an adult, and not to run out onto the roadway.
2. Learn to navigate in space (study the use of words such as “there”, “here”, “here”, “there”, “right”, “left”, “far”, “close”, “near”), study prepositions of place.
3. In the house on the playground, play simple fairy tales in which there is a house: “Zayushkina’s Hut”, “Teremok”, “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats”. Encourage the child to tell a fairy tale together with an adult (finish sentences, insert familiar words), to depict and pronounce the lines of the fairy tale characters in a simple form (to be a bunny, a mouse, etc.). Play how best to greet dad in the evening when he returns from work (or another loved one), what to say to him.
4. Study vegetation - flowers, trees, grass, bushes (names and differences). Learn to distinguish between a tree and a bush. Study parts of plants (leaf, trunk, etc.). Monitor seasonal changes in nature (yellow leaves, fallen leaves, bare trees, buds appearing, etc.). Teach respect for plants. Water trees and flowers from a watering can.
5. Using the example of trees, grass, bushes, twigs, study the concepts of “thick-thin”, “big-small”, “many-little”, “high-low”.
6. Transport: distinguish between types of transport, distinguish between types (truck, passenger) and parts of the car (cabin, steering wheel, wheel).
7. In a relaxed manner, encourage the child to answer the question: “What is this?” a sentence consisting of several words (for children who have already begun to actively master phrasal speech).
8. Sunshine: talk about the fact that life on earth requires the sun, that the sun helps plants grow, warms all living things on earth. Watch the sun (hidden behind the clouds, bright, dim, setting, rising, sunset).
9. Sky: observe changes in the sky - clouds, cloudy, cloudy, clear, gloomy, clear, sky at night.
10. Watch the moon.
11. Answer the questions: What did the clouds do? (They covered the sun.) What does the sun do? (Shines.) etc.
12. Using natural materials (pebbles, twigs) and objects of the surrounding world (trees, cars, etc.) study the concepts of “thick-thin”, “big-small”, “many-little”, “high-low”, “hard-soft”, “warm-cold”, “most” (“highest, lowest”), colors, properties of objects, etc.
13. Develop vocabulary - discuss various objects encountered on the street (animals, birds, plants, people, transport, buildings, entrance, elevator, etc.). Name the qualities of these objects, tell why they are needed.
14. Discuss the need to maintain cleanliness on the street, in the entrance, respect for the environment and the cleanliness of the yard, street, entrance.
15. Play with sand. Pay attention to the properties of sand: dry, crumbles; if you water it (or after rain) it becomes moist, and you can make “pies” from it.
16. Play with snow.
17. Play with puddles (throw pebbles, cover with sand, dig, play with water, build canals, launch boats, study the properties of objects “sinking or not sinking”) - at the request of the parents.
18. Let the sunbeam, catch it.
19. Seasons: talk about changes in nature, changes in the lives of people, animals, birds.
20. Houses: clarify the names of different houses and buildings, study parts of the house (window, entrance, etc.).
21. Speak on the street various speech topics that are interesting to the child (animals, birds, babies, etc.).
22. In your free time from games, learn poetry.
23. Builders and workers: if possible, observe the work of adults on construction sites, workers of various services. Name and discuss their work activities, learn the names of professions, discuss the importance of their work, consider and remember the names of their equipment and tools.
Thinking and perception in children 2-3 years old
A child aged two years chooses bright objects. From logic toys that carry information about shape and size, choose only one item. Today play with a pyramid, on the base of which you need to put rings according to size. Dedicate the next day to a house with cube-shaped holes on the roof. Place all the items together with your baby. Demonstratively show that a round hole does not fit a square.
Organize activities with your 2-year-old child to learn colors. First, show cards of the same color and clearly say what color it is. Then ask your child to point to the card when you say the name of the color. Then the task becomes more complicated: throw a bunch of toys of different colors and ask them to arrange them by color in different containers.
Adding details develops logic well. Leave the room and put on, for example, a scarf. Ask your child what item was added to your image.
Cut the picture into two parts and show that by connecting the parts, the image becomes complete. Next, increase the number of cut pieces.
In fact, a lot of different toys have been invented that develop thinking and logic. Buy such items and pay attention to the game. Only in this way will the child understand how to play complex toys. Don’t ignore your baby, always come to his aid if you notice that he can’t figure it out. Every child should have puzzles and construction sets. Ask to build a tower of the same color or put only yellow objects in the box. Working with a 2-year-old child with colored paper will also lead to the child starting to remember colors. Always explain your actions and state your request in detail. For example, “bring the pink bunny who is sitting next to the horse,” “bring me the green shoes that we will put on our little feet.” This way you can remember more words.
Come up with new educational activities for your child. 2 years is an important period in the formation of thinking and logic. Every baby loves to spend time with their parents, so pay as much attention as possible to your child. Independent play leads to children growing up withdrawn and taciturn. And it is very difficult for such children to adapt to modern society.
Speech development.
All of the development methods given below are suitable for children who have already begun to speak individual words (even if in their own “children’s” language - this is a normal stage of development that most children go through). If your child is not yet in a hurry to talk, you may be better off using the speech development techniques that are published here.
Speech development in children aged 2 to 3 years:
1. Develop the ability to answer an adult’s questions about what is shown in the picture (in a very simplified form), about what is happening around – at home, on the street.
2. Communicate a lot with the child about all the situations and events that happen in his life (replenish passive vocabulary).
3. Read books, poems (if the child does not like reading, parents can compensate for this with active communication in everyday life (the previous point is about this), tell fairy tales and sing songs.
4. After reading books, discuss what you read with your child at the simplest level.
5. Together tell fairy tales familiar to the child (“once upon a time there was a grandfather... and who else lived? That’s right! Baba! Who did they have? Who says co-ko? That’s right! Well done! Chicken Ryaba!”).
6. Act out simple fairy tales with the child (for example, “Teremok” - the child can be a mouse sitting in a house and letting in the rest of the animals). As the game progresses, encourage the child to perform various actions (open and close the door, wave a hand in greeting and farewell, say simple words and phrases or onomatopoeia (“pee-pee!”, “ko-ko”).
7. Listen to songs.
8. Learn adjectives: use them often in conversation with your child, describing objects. Play the game "which one?" (ask the question “what is he like?” in relation to subjects that the child is interested in, answer this question, encourage the child to come up with the answer himself (if the baby remembers at least one adjective, that’s good!).
9. Study various prepositions (near, at, behind, etc.) and adverbs used for orientation in space (far, close, above, below, right, left, etc.), pronouns (there, here) , words for comparison (same, different).
10. When studying various lexical topics, pay attention to what parts objects and items consist of (for example, a house consists of a roof, a window, doors, etc.).
Determining the quality of items
How to play with a 2-year-old child so that the child learns to determine the shape of objects and is able to correctly apply the acquired knowledge in practice? It is recommended to take different shapes: cubes, balls, pyramids, dolls. You need to roll them into the toy gate. Parents should clearly explain when playing with their child why the ball rolls the fastest and not the cube. Using the example of different toys, the baby will be able to distinguish the shape of objects. Games to compare the quality of objects develop intelligence and attention: it is recommended to take 2 toys, for example, dolls dressed in different clothes, with different hairstyles, of different heights. A 2-year-old child must tell what they have in common and what is different. Frequently playing such games with your child is good training for mental development.
Articulation.
- Learn to blow (blow out candles, blow out a ball of cotton wool, blow on leaves hanging on a string, blow soap bubbles). This skill is very individual, children learn it in different ways, some earlier, others closer to three years.
- Learn to blow sharply (quick exhalation) and smoothly (slow exhalation) - for example, playing fast and slow breeze.
- Making faces in the mirror: showing your tongue, twirling it in different directions (reaching your nose, pulling left, right, etc.) is also an individual skill; not everyone at the age of 2 can do it (and not everyone wants to do it).
- Open your mouth wide and chatter your teeth.
- Learn to pronounce words and onomatopoeia at different volumes, speak in a whisper.
- To make bubbles in water - blow air into the water through a straw.
- Do the simplest articulatory gymnastics - if the child is interested and wants to.
Motor skills (gross and fine).
1. Do finger gymnastics. 2. Do modeling, drawing, appliqué, and creativity. 3. Play with frame inserts. 4. Learn to unfasten buttons, zippers, buttons (if you are interested and succeed, then fasten them). 5. Fasten - unfasten Velcro (on shoes, jacket, educational toys). 6. Take off socks, hat, gloves, learn to take off and put on other clothes. 7. Pour/pour cereal/water into different vessels, learn to use a funnel, a jug, a teapot from children's dishes, and a watering can for pouring/pouring. 8. Play with stickers. 9. Learn to wash your hands (emphasis on the word “learn”, encourage to learn the skill, but do not force), including turning the tap on and off (if the design of the tap allows this to be done easily), soaping your hands, squeezing liquid soap out of a bottle. 10. Catch round objects (balls, kinder containers) in a dish of water with a spoon or strainer and put them in a dry glass. 11. Catch round objects (balls, kinder containers) from the glass. 12. Beat the soap foam with a whisk (add a few drops of detergent or shampoo to the water). 13. Draw and transfer water using an enema or pipette.
14. Learn to collect water with a sponge and squeeze it out.
15. Crumple the paper (make round lumps) and push the resulting lumps into a bottle or jar with a narrow neck. 16. Make patterns from sticks, pasta, pebbles, beans:
17. Play with clothespins.
18. Play with Cuisenaire sticks and Dienesh blocks.
19. Play with lacing. 20. Play with mosaics, Lego, and other constructors. 21. Closer to the age of three, you can begin to learn to trace by dots (if the child has a desire and the learning process is easy). Trace very simple lines - various paths, straight lines or with a slight bend. 22. Transfer beads and other small objects with tweezers. 23. Select caps for bottles and jars. Unscrew and tighten the caps. 24. Place small objects (for example, buttons, beads) into a narrow cylinder, a narrow hole. 25. Some toys for developing motor skills (independent development in play):
Logical square:
Laces:
Cut vegetables and fruits:
Cubs:
Fishing:
Various pyramids, inset frames, sorets, etc. are still relevant for the development of fine motor skills.
Cereals, pasta, sugar, salt
In a separate container or bag, you can mix several types of cereals, pasta, sugar, salt, and hide various toys in them - a baby doll, a car, a Kinder Surprise egg, a button, a paint brush, a piece of modeling dough or plasticine. The baby will be happy to put his hands into the loose mixture and find new objects every time. This arouses interest in looking further; a heterogeneous environment has a beneficial effect on the development of fine motor skills and develops imagination. In addition to searching for toys, you can play sorting the ingredients - put larger pasta in a separate glass, grains in another, pour sugar and salt into a third. Having leveled the loose surface, you can draw various patterns, lay out pictures from pasta, toothpicks, cotton swabs, and disks. Activities for a two-year-old child with cereals and bulk products are one of the most useful and exciting, the main thing is to use your imagination!
Sensory development.
1. Feel objects of different textures and discuss their properties.
2. Play “find a pair” with pieces of materials of different textures (in the picture there is a guide “bring each car into your garage”. To complete the task, the child compares the different textures of white materials - soft paper, hard cardboard, cotton pad, white knitwear):
3. Closer to 3 years - identify objects by touch (pull figures, vegetables, fruits, toys out of the bag without looking, according to mother’s instructions, determine by touch what kind of object is in the bag, etc.).
4. Get acquainted with tastes and smells, play games “find the same taste, smell.”
Interaction with peers.
1. Draw the child’s attention to other children, awaken interest and sympathy for children (what a good girl! She’s a little girl like you! Let’s get to know her! What’s your name?).
2. Meet other children on the playground, encourage them to play together - build and break Easter cakes together, etc. At this age, children will not be able to play independently - their mother will help them interact and play together. Such games and socialization are especially important if the child will soon go to kindergarten.
3. Teach to change, respect the property of others, respect your right to play with your toy.
4. Teach to feel sorry and empathize with the grief of another (to feel sorry for the boy who has fallen and is crying, etc.).
What outdoor games does a 2 year old child need? How to play with a 2 year old child?
How to entertain a child:
- Ball games (football, basketball, water polo, golf, tennis).
- Catch-up (game between children or with parents)
- Hide and seek (game with children and parents)
- Games with juice (catch a ball, butterfly, ball)
- Games with soap bubbles (blow and catch)
- Biking and scootering
- Games in children's labyrinths
- Fishing
- Jumping on a trampoline
IMPORTANT: Parents need to instill a love of active outdoor games in their children, enjoy spending time with their children and actively participate in entertainment.
Household skills and self-care.
All of the skills listed below are highly individual. It is better to push the child, encourage him to master them, praise him for successes, but not force him to do them.
1. Wash your hands, wash your face, use a towel - with the help of your mother (including turning the water on and off (if the design of the faucet is not too complicated), lathering soap, squeezing liquid soap out of the bottle).
2. Together with your mother, clean the table after eating.
3. Wipe up spilled liquid with a sponge.
4. Eat thick foods on your own.
5. By the age of three, learn to put on and take off clothes independently. Difficult elements (tight-fitting clothes, zippers, hooks, etc.) should be fastened and unfastened together with mother.
6. Water the flowers (ideally in the summer outside with a watering can).
7. Closer to three years - fold your clothes (learn).
8. Put toys back in place (learn, together with mom, at mom’s request; most children at this age cannot put toys away on their own and of their own free will).
9. Help mom with housework: cook together (wash cereals, vegetables, scoop up ingredients for a dish with a spoon, etc.), wash something, clean up, etc. It will be much easier to interest a child in housework if you entrust the child with something that will be truly interesting for him.
10. If you are planning to send your child to kindergarten, then in advance (at least six months in advance) begin to accustom your child to the necessary skills - dressing and undressing, washing, especially important - thoroughly washing your hands and drying them with a towel, eating independently. Don't put off learning until the last minute - miracles don't happen - it will take enough time to learn these skills. Adaptation of a child to kindergarten will be much easier if the child does not have problems with self-care.
Developing a desire to engage and develop.
1. Praise for success. 2. Don’t scold for failure and reluctance to study (everything will definitely work out over time, it just may not now or today, and if it never works out, is it worth being upset about it?). 3. Do what interests the child . Any skill (attention, logic, motor skills) can be developed with countless exercises. Among them, it is quite possible to find what your baby will like most (for example, if a child does not like finger exercises, it is quite possible to replace this with modeling and drawing, if he does not like to listen to reading, replace this with live communication, etc.) 4. Engage development when the child wants and can (sometimes it happens that we start educational games after we have done household chores and other work, and by that time the baby has already played enough, is tired and wants to rest and relax more than to complete complex tasks ). 5. Present educational games and activities in a playful way. 6. Do what the child can do - everyone has their own inclinations and abilities. Some people sit with pleasure and for a long time next to their mother and listen to a book with interest, some only last 10 minutes - and there’s nothing wrong with that, they probably cope well with other things. Some people easily count and complete logic and attention tasks, others don’t do this, but draw well. Someone doesn’t draw, doesn’t like reading, doesn’t seem to like anything at all, but is much better than others at doing things that lie outside the scope of early development (for example, many times kinder and more gentle than their peers, more initiative and responsibility, faster and more impetuous, etc.) .P.).
7. Engaging in early development is much easier and more fun if you adequately assess the child’s abilities and “don’t run ahead of the locomotive” and carry out tasks that the child can do, even if all of his peers (as a rule, these “all”, upon closer examination, turn out to be far from the majority) have gone much further.
Overcoming obstacles
Children 2-3 years old are very fond of sports games:
- climb the wall bars;
- hang with the support of an adult on the horizontal bar;
- walk on a log above ground level;
- run, jump.
At this age, the baby has no sense of fear and danger, so adults are advised to constantly monitor the child to prevent accidents from occurring. It is recommended to tell your child about behavior on gymnastic equipment and the need to hold on tightly.
Irina Knyazeva – teacher of kindergarten No. 57
Experts advise what to play with a 2-year-old child on the street:
- catching up with parents or other children playing nearby;
- blind man's buff;
- walking through a labyrinth, along a line drawn on the asphalt;
- jumping ropes in place with alternating legs, from step to step, over the curb.
When jumping, you should hold a 2-year-old child's hand until he learns to jump without injury. Active physical games are replaced at home by walking barefoot on grain and small pebbles. You can suggest and show a personal example of how to walk on tiptoes, holding a ball or soft toy between your knees. Children aged 2-3 years are happy to repeat the actions of adults. Children really love massage with the story “The Train was Driving” - in a playful way, they strengthen their back muscles and improve their posture. Exercising with your child strengthens the body, increases immunity, and prevents the occurrence of many diseases.
Crisis of three years.
Closer to the age of three, most children experience a three-year crisis. This is a difficult period for both the baby and the mother. The general advice of all psychologists and teachers for this difficult time is this: it’s difficult, but someday it will all end, you just have to get through the “three-year crisis.” Prepare in advance for this crisis period of life - read literature, observe the “difficult” behavior of older children at this age.
Many children during this period refuse to engage in early development with their mother. If you notice this in your baby, this does not mean that the era of educational games and activities is over for you. Just try to tune in to the child’s wavelength and think – what is he really interested in now? What can you offer him that will amaze him to the core and be extremely interested? Perhaps by his reluctance to engage, the child tells you that he has already grown up and wants to decide for himself what to do at one time or another.
The three-year crisis is a serious test for the mother-child connection, for the mother’s ability and desire to accept the child as he is. If it’s becoming more and more difficult for you with a baby who was an angel yesterday, know that it’s not the child who has gone bad. This is a necessary stage of its development, from which not only the mother, but also the baby himself suffers. Try not to be offended or angry with the baby, and help yourself and the child cope with difficulties and come out of this period as loved ones who still love and understand each other. There are a lot of good methods and methods that can help you - don’t give up and look for ways out of the most difficult situations. Remember that we are sent those children whom we are able to raise happy and love with all our hearts.
Good luck to you in the development and education of your children. Let them grow up healthy and happy!
A two-year-old child and the peculiarities of his thinking
Psychologists say that the second year of life for children is a period of crisis. They begin to actively study the world around them and realize the difficulties it can bring them.
On a note! The task of parents is to help the child overcome the crisis period.
Parents often make a big mistake, believing that at two years old it is not worth teaching a child anything, since he will not understand. But when they begin to raise him, it turns out that time is lost. In the first five years of a child’s life, the foundations of education are laid. The most important years are considered to be 1.5-2.
At the age of two years, the child should speak. Thanks to this, the development of his self-awareness accelerates. It is through speech communication that he receives most of the information that is necessary for development. It is important for parents to pay as much attention as possible to speech formation during this period. At the age of one and a half years, the baby already knows how to call a spade a spade. By the age of two, he already develops the ability to combine up to three words into a phrase.
Important! When a child reaches his third year, his thinking changes from visual-effective to visual-figurative. It differs in that all actions with material objects are replaced by images. The internal development of thinking is based on the formation of concepts.
By the end of the second year, children begin the “why” period. The child becomes persistent, he demands an answer to the question posed. The attitude towards the answer received is already expressed. At three years old, the child begins to see himself from the outside; he is already able to control his behavior.
Features of development
