They squeezed out the pus at the site of the BCG vaccination, treated it with peroxide and smeared brilliant green

How is an abscess formed and when does it appear?

The process of pustule formation and final healing occurs in several stages over 10-12 months.
The duration and clinical manifestations of each stage vary depending on the individual characteristics of the organism, the vaccination technique and the quality of the drug. Normally, the following stages can be observed:

Immediately after administration, the skin at the injection site in both the newborn and the child at a later age turns white and thickens (resembles an orange peel in appearance). Within 30-40 minutes this reaction passes.
A day after immunization, redness and slight swelling appear, which disappear within 2-4 days without leaving any traces. After this, there should be no manifestations for 30-45 days.
At 1.5-2 months, the BCG vaccination begins to fester. At this stage, redness and thickening form at the site of drug administration, indicating the normal formation of immunity and culminating in the formation of a pustule (a vesicle with purulent contents).
At 5-6 months, the suppuration at the BCG site breaks through with the flow of pus or becomes covered with a crust, which subsequently dries out and falls off on its own.
Most often, before the child is one year old, the abscess heals completely and a small depression (BCG scar) remains at the injection site.

How does the BCG vaccine heal?

The healing process of the wound, which forms in the form of an abscess at the injection site, is an unpleasant process. It takes about six months. It all depends on the individual characteristics of the body.

The injection site turns red. This does not happen right away.
Then an abscess, similar to an abscess, forms. A crust-like scab may form in the center. It cannot be torn off. It should fall off on its own and the bubble should burst.
The abscess may open, releasing pus. Do not sprinkle or lubricate under any circumstances.
Pus may be released for some time, or another pustule may appear. This is all normal.
The pus stops secreting, the wound heals, and a scar appears.

Everyone develops an abscess after BCG vaccination. This is a standard phenomenon that indicates the process of immunity formation. Parents need to monitor the size of the wound and contact their pediatrician with any questions.

The process of forming a scar, which everyone has on their shoulder, is accompanied by an abscess and suppuration. But that's absolutely normal.

What should be the body's reaction to BCG?

The BCG drug provokes an allergic reaction in the body: T-lymphocytes accumulate under the skin, which begin to fight the causative agents of tuberculosis, which is why a corresponding reaction develops on the part of the skin. The vaccine is injected strictly into the inner layers of the skin (in no case subcutaneously), after which a white flat papule with a diameter of about 10 mm is formed at the injection site, which resolves after 18–20 minutes - this means that the drug was administered correctly.

In the first days, any changes in the skin at the site of vaccine administration are not noticeable, but sometimes slight redness, thickening or inflammation of the skin may form - this is considered normal.

It is important to note that such reactions can continue for 2-3 days, after which the injection site (before the formation of a papule and scar) should not differ in appearance from the surrounding tissue

When appears

About a month after the injection (depending on the individual reaction), a small papule appears at the injection site, which looks like a blister with slight suppuration.

This is a normal reaction and indicates that the vaccination was successful, the body “gets acquainted” with the pathogens of the disease and develops immunity.

In some cases, the formation of a papule and its healing is accompanied by severe itching, but scratching it is strictly prohibited so as not to introduce an infection under the skin. Sometimes a person may have a slight fever, but if the numbers on the thermometer do not rise above 37-38, there is no need to worry.

Three months after vaccination, the papule becomes covered with crusts and heals, and in its place an even white scar appears, sometimes with a pink or reddish tint. The size of the scar can be different and depends on the individual characteristics of the body and the quality of the formed immunity. The best option is a scar with a diameter of 7 to 10 mm. The formation of a scar of less than 4 mm indicates that vaccination has not achieved its goal and anti-tuberculosis immunity is absent.

Important! There are certain rules for caring for the injection site of the BCG vaccine - the resulting papule should not be lubricated with antiseptics, pus should be squeezed out of it, crusts should be removed or tightly wrapped with a bandage

Deviations from the norm: photo

The most common abnormality after BCG vaccination is the absence of any reaction. The absence of a papule and scar at the injection site indicates that the vaccine has expired or the body has not responded to its administration by developing anti-tuberculosis immunity. In this case, a tuberculin test (Mantoux) and repeated administration of the vaccine are necessary.

Photo 2. Usually after an injection a papule is formed - a blister with suppuration. This is normal, a deviation from the norm is the absence of any reaction at all.

In some cases, a scar forms after vaccination, but then suddenly disappears - this indicates the disappearance of anti-tuberculosis immunity, and requires revaccination of the person. Approximately 2% of people on the planet have innate immunity against tuberculosis, so they also do not form a scar - the presence of such immunity can also be determined using the Mantoux test.

Photo 3. The graft site may become very red. If this is not too pronounced, there is no reason to worry.

? Photo 4. A child’s temperature that is not too high after BCG is normal; there is no need to call a doctor.

Other reactions from the skin and the whole body (severe redness, thickening, temperature) occur due to the characteristic characteristics of the human body or sensitivity to the drug, and, as a rule, do not require medical intervention. If they are expressed too strongly, consultation with a specialist is necessary.

Reference! In some cases, the scar after the administration of the BCG vaccine is formed not on the surface of the skin, but in the deeper layers. Its presence can be determined by a change in skin color and slight thickening.

Why does suppuration appear?

Suppuration is a normal reaction of a healthy body to the introduction of a virus. Local immunity is “switched on” at the puncture site. The active production of antibodies begins, which should defeat the tuberculosis bacilli. In the process, lymphocytes and bacterial cells are destroyed.

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The process of “ripening” of the abscess continues for some time. It should leak out on its own, without third-party intervention. Afterwards a crust forms. The suppuration gradually passes, but the wound may refill with liquid contents. This is normal and should not cause alarm.

The average healing time is 2-3 months. During this period, the cold abscess heals completely, unless the doctor’s recommendations have been violated. The skin does not recover completely: a characteristic scar remains at the site of vaccine administration, which will remain with the person for life.

Contraindications to the vaccine

The development of various kinds of complications may be the result of contraindications in the child.

The ban on the introduction of living organisms to newborn children is based on the presence of one of the following factors:

low baby weight;
intrauterine infection with pathogenic microorganisms;
diagnosis of HIV infection in the mother;
immunodeficiencies of various etiologies;
diseases of the central nervous system;
the presence of inflammatory processes in the body;
active stage of the disease after diagnosis using x-ray photos.

These contraindications are absolute. If they are present, the BCG vaccine is completely prohibited. Vaccination will not provide complete protection against tuberculosis, but it can help develop immune defenses against bacterial agents.

The duration of the drug is on average 7 years. After this period has expired, revaccination must be carried out. Before this, a mandatory Mantoux test is performed.

Before administering the BCG vaccine, you must undergo a full examination by specialized doctors. This will help reduce the likelihood of complications and also protect the child’s health.

Contraindications

Before vaccination, the child is examined. If there are any contraindications, it is prohibited to do BCG, otherwise the risk of complications and a poor reaction of the baby’s body increases. The list of prohibitions includes:

the presence of HIV infection in the mother;
prematurity;
weight less than 2.5 kg;
radiation therapy;
acute illness;
tumors;
skin lesions;
purulent-septic pathology;
hemolytic disorders.

In older children, allergies, a questionable reaction to the Mantoux test, low immunity and frequent contact with a person suffering from tuberculosis also become obstacles to vaccination. Before administering the vaccine, an examination by a pediatrician is required.

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After the end of the acute period of allergy or active disease, you will have to wait a month before re-vaccination. At this time, the child requires special attention and at the first suspicion of infection or an abnormal process of abscess formation, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor.

Recommendations from experts

Some time after the vaccine is administered, the baby can receive baths. You need to bathe him in boiled water. During water procedures, it is strongly recommended not to rub the injection site with a washcloth or towel. Also, do not steam it.

At all stages of the formation of immune protection, the child’s clothes should be ironed on both sides. This is necessary to avoid mechanical impact on the wound.

The wound regeneration process should occur naturally. The use of creams and ointments can be harmful to the baby's health.

While the injection site is healing, the child should be protected from contact with sick people; it is not recommended to stay in public places for a long time. The duration of recovery during the period of wound regeneration from BCG lasts a long time.

You also need to adhere to several rules:

Before vaccination, it is worth undergoing allergy tests to determine compatibility with the components of the drug.
If pus comes out of the BCG vaccination, the pediatrician or Dr. Komarovsky, along with his resources, will tell you what to do. You cannot specifically squeeze out the contents. The bubble itself must burst. After this, it can be processed, which will help with hydrogen peroxide.
The use of ointments, creams, and the use of iodine nets is prohibited.
Isolation of the wound from external factors. This can be done with light clothing. In this case, you can apply a light bandage so that the pus goes into it. It is also worth making sure that the child does not scratch the injection site, since the contents should come out naturally.
Maintain the same diet before and after the administration of the BCG vaccine. This will help diagnose the etiology of allergic reactions.

If BCG has festered in a child, an experienced pediatrician will tell you what to do. To avoid serious consequences, it is recommended to follow doctors’ instructions from the moment the baby is born.

If you have any symptoms indicating future complications, you should urgently consult with specialized specialists. Only they will help prevent the development of adverse consequences and keep the baby healthy!

Ways to prevent complications

In some situations, after a child is given the BCG vaccine, complications develop that, to one degree or another, negatively affect his health.
They are most often recorded in children with congenital immunodeficiency. An incorrectly administered vaccine can cause life-threatening consequences for the baby.

These include:

cold abscess that develops when the needle is inserted intradermally;
formation of ulcers at the injection site as a result of hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
inflammation of the lymph nodes when the pathogen enters their structures;
keloid scar, which is the result of a skin reaction to BCG components;
a systemic infection that develops in children with serious abnormalities in the immune system.

Such complications are extremely rare. Therefore, refusal should not be guided by fear of parents, since BCG vaccination is the main method of preventing the disease.

If adverse effects of the vaccine are detected, urgent consultation with an experienced pediatrician is required. Based on the individual characteristics of the body, he will prescribe treatment, which will be aimed at stabilizing the baby’s condition and eliminating complications.

SENSATION! Follow the link:

Child's reaction to the first Mantoux vaccination

Associated symptoms

If the BCG vaccine turns red, the following accompanying symptoms may appear:

Formation of an abscess at the injection site. This is considered a normal reaction of the immune system to fight pathogenic agents. Sometimes vaccination leaves a scar that extends beyond the injection site. Such a reaction is also considered normal. This is how the skin reacts to the vaccine. Redness of the scar can be observed for six months. In some cases, this symptom goes away within a week.
Swelling. Sometimes parents notice that the child’s vaccination site is slightly swollen. A similar symptom is present for 2-3 days, after which it disappears spontaneously. After 1.5 months, inflammation begins, followed by the appearance of scar changes. Redness and swelling should not spread over large areas. If a hyperergic reaction occurs, the child should be shown to a TB specialist.
Abscess. Mothers are worried if their child’s BCG vaccine turns red and an abscess appears. With an adequate course of the post-vaccination reaction, after 2 months a small abscess forms, which becomes covered with a crust and scars. If the abscess forms again, the injection site could become inflamed due to the penetration of bacteria. In this case, specific treatment is required. You cannot intentionally remove the crust. Later it goes away on its own, the wound scars.
Itching. If your baby's injection site is itchy, don't worry. Itching is a sign of healing of damaged skin. You cannot scratch the injection site; it must be covered with a sterile bandage. Mittens are put on the child's hands.
Temperature change. If the temperature does not exceed 38° C and the fever is present for 1-2 days, we are talking about a normal reaction of the body to the vaccine. The immune system begins to fight the infectious agent and produce antibodies. If fever persists for 3 days or more, you should consult a doctor.
Inflammation of the lymph nodes. During the normal course of the early post-vaccination period, the lymph nodes increase to 1 cm. This indicates an immune response to foreign bacteria. A pronounced increase and prolonged inflammation of the lymph nodes is observed when the tuberculosis pathogen spreads in the body, which requires immediate initiation of treatment.

When should you consult a doctor?

It is difficult for parents to do nothing if the BCG vaccination in a newborn festeres. It’s even more difficult to restrain yourself when she also started to break out again, although this happens very rarely. You should consult a doctor if your child has the following symptoms:

severe pain at the injection site;
severe redness near the vaccine, if it has spread far beyond its boundaries;
edema;
hyperthermia.

The doctor must determine why this happened and prescribe appropriate treatment to combat excess suppuration. In rare cases, surgery may be necessary. Such consequences of vaccination are most often associated with the introduction of infection into the wound, both during the vaccination itself and after it at home. Even less often, this is due to the quality of the vaccine, which may have been stored or transported improperly. The qualifications of a medical worker are also important, because if the vaccine is administered subcutaneously rather than intradermally, problems with excessive suppuration cannot be avoided.

If BCG has become very festered before a month, the above symptoms are present, or the ulcer is intact, but its diameter is more than 1 cm, you need to visit a doctor. Any pathological sign is an increased risk of developing an abscess, which is undesirable at any age, but can be fatal for newborns. Surgical treatment will be performed - opening and draining the abscess.

Complications

Complications after BCG can occur even in those people for whom this vaccination was not prohibited for any reason. Regional lymphadenitis is considered a normal phenomenon: the lymph node located near the site of vaccine administration increases to 1 cm in diameter, a compaction appears at the site of vaccination, and a papule is formed that remains for up to 2 weeks (after which a small scar appears in its place). Complications often develop when instructions are not followed, indications for vaccination are ignored, etc.

Temperature

An increase in temperature after BCG vaccination is not considered a pathological manifestation if it goes away on the first day. It may appear the next day or within a few hours after the drug is administered to the body. The use of medications is necessary only when the indicator rises to 38°C or more. If the temperature remains elevated for more than 2 days, it is recommended to consult a doctor. At home, to combat this side effect, drink plenty of fluids.

If there is no temperature at all after BCG, the reaction is not considered good: there is a high probability that the child has not developed immunity to Koch’s bacillus.

Why does the vaccination site fester?

Suppuration can occur if the injection technique is incorrect. If the BCG vaccination festers, it is necessary to urgently begin treatment: purulent processes can spread. Often such a reaction develops due to a cold abscess. If such a complication of BCG vaccination occurs, you need to take action as soon as possible and consult a doctor.

Cold abscesses

Cold abscess after BCG is a side effect in which an abscess occurs, there are no other pronounced manifestations (temperature, redness, swelling, symptoms of intoxication). The complication does not immediately manifest itself aggressively; At first, you can only see a small wound at the injection site. Externally, it can manifest itself differently in each person, depending on the individual characteristics of the body.

Within 2-3 days after administration, you can observe that the BCG vaccination has turned red and slightly swollen. Then, however, such manifestations disappear, and within 1-1.5 months there are no manifestations of the pathological process. Then a papule appears, quickly turning into an abscess. It can break out in different ways. Normally, the neoplasm looks like a pimple, a capsule with clearly visible purulent contents. It reaches 1-1.2 cm in diameter.

For small suppurations, there is no need to worry. Their occurrence is considered a variant of the norm, a natural reaction of the body. If the size of the abscess is too large, the skin around the BCG injection site turns red, secondary infection or mechanical damage caused by improper insertion of the needle is possible. In such a situation, you will need the help of a specialist. BCG does not often fester; A similar complication is more often observed during the first vaccination than during revaccination.

Other

Lymphadenitis is considered normal if the diameter of the lymph node does not exceed 1 cm. In situations where, due to inflammation, the size is too large, you will have to consult a doctor. Sometimes surgery may be required.

Sometimes after BCG the consequences appear in the form of an ulcer that occurs at the site of insertion of the syringe. Keloids (areas of scar tissue that grow in the area where the vaccine was administered) also appear.

A rarer side effect of BCG is osteitis, an inflammatory process that develops in bone tissue. Bone tuberculosis is considered a more dangerous pathology. The pathology manifests itself 1-3 years after the introduction of weakened microorganisms and is difficult to treat.

After vaccination with BCG, an allergic reaction may result. A skin rash appears, and general symptoms of intoxication are noted (weakness, nausea, loss of appetite, increased fatigue; young children can become capricious and whiny). If a similar reaction to BCG was treated in an infant, at an older age they refuse the vaccine.

BCGit is also rarely observed.

Manifestations of erythema nodosum are possible. This pathology is characterized by the appearance of painful, swollen nodes on the body, a general asthenic state, and an increase in body temperature (low-grade fever is more often observed, and high temperature is less common).

Granuloma annulare is also manifested by the appearance of nodes. They are small in size (about 3-4 mm in diameter), high density, and often merge into rings.

Possible development of lupus. A specific rash appears on the limbs and face. In addition, there are joint pains and a general deterioration in well-being. Anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia develop.

Norm and deviations

What to do if the graft site begins to fester and is this a problem? In fact, such a reaction is normal; the appearance of a small wound indicates that the body is undergoing a period of formation of immunity to the introduced mycobacterium. The norm is the appearance of a small abscess up to one centimeter in size without severe complications such as inflammation of tissues and lymph nodes, elevated temperature.

Normal reaction

Also considered normal

If the size of the ulcer is more than one centimeter, then this is a sign of increased sensitivity of the body to the vaccine or the presence of immunodeficiency in the child. Regardless of the cause, you should consult a doctor for further monitoring.

Deviations

Also considered a deviation from the norm

Normally, the formation of immunity occurs in three stages:

at the site of vaccination, redness of the tissues and their thickening are observed, this takes about 1-2 months;
a small bubble with a whitish head appears, which becomes covered with a crust - it is at this time that the body’s local fight against mycobacteria occurs, and pus is the decay products of dead bacteria and lymphocytes;
Scarring occurs, which indicates the development of immunity; in some cases, such a scar may be absent altogether, but this indicates unformed immunity or too deep administration of the vaccine.

When does BCG begin to fester in a child?

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Rules for administering the vaccine and normal reaction, photo

The site of administration of the active substance of the WHO vaccine is recommended to choose the outer side of the left forearm at the boundary of the second and third third. In the Russian Federation, BCG is administered exactly this way - into the shoulder. The injection must be done inside the skin. Under no circumstances should the drug be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. If there are any reasons not to inject the drug into the forearm, choose another injection site where there is thick skin. Usually this is the surface of the thigh.

Where are vaccinations given:

Newborn children in the maternity hospital.

If not done in the maternity hospital, then in the children's clinic at the place of residence. At the same time, there are clear rules for vaccination in a clinic setting. These should be either two vaccination rooms (separate for BCG), or one (then a separate day is allocated for BCG). It is strictly forbidden to carry out BCG vaccination in the treatment room where tests are taken. All this is spelled out in the SanPin rules.

For children at high risk of a severe reaction to the vaccine, it is given only in a tuberculosis clinic.

Vaccination at home. This procedure is permitted by law. A specialized team visits your home for a fee.

In other special centers where there is an appropriate license.

There are certain rules for vaccination with this vaccine. It uses only a disposable syringe with a thin needle and a beveled tip. The injection technique is very important: first, stretch the skin area and inject half of the injection to determine that the needle has entered exactly intradermally. Once this is confirmed, the entire vaccine is administered.

When the drug is administered correctly, a whitish papule with a diameter of 5-10 mm is formed on the surface. The papule persists for 15-20 minutes and disappears. This is called a specific reaction to the BCG vaccine and is considered normal. In newborn babies, a month or two after vaccination, a normal reaction begins, lasting up to 90 days. When children are revaccinated at seven years of age, the reaction to the vaccine begins 7-14 days after administration.

The injection site with a post-vaccination reaction must be protected, avoiding excessive external influence - rubbing, scratching, do not rub with a washcloth. If water gets in, it's okay.

The post-vaccination reaction consists of the formation of a papule at the injection site. The injection site may fester and burst. Then this formation is transformed back into a two-month period. A gradually healing crust forms on the wound. When the wound heals, the crust will fall off, leaving a small scar with a diameter of up to 1 cm on the skin.

The absence of a scar indicates a violation of the vaccination technology and the lack of effect from the vaccination.

The graft site may become red and swollen, but the redness may not extend to the tissue around the graft.

Some parents are frightened by the formation of an abscess in the infant at the injection site. They think that something went wrong, and if the BCG vaccine in an infant festered, then this is a serious complication. However, it is not. A small abscess is normal. It should be remembered that it takes months to heal completely, namely after about four months. If the BCG vaccination has rotted, then what should you do? How to treat the injection site? The child’s routine at this time is not disrupted in any way. Under no circumstances should you apply antibacterial or antiseptic ointments to the area, much less use peroxide, so as not to interfere with the effect of the vaccine. You can carefully wash off the pus with water and blot lightly with a sterile gauze pad.

Another private question: pus came out of the BCG vaccination, what should I do about it?

The abscess can sometimes burst and break through with pus flowing out. Then the inflammatory contents can still form for some time, easily come out of the wound or form an abscess again. Pus should not be squeezed out. This can result in serious complications.

What if pus does not come out of the BCG vaccination? In some children, suppuration does not occur. Both options are considered normal and do not require any treatment, even if the BCG vaccination suddenly breaks through.

After BCG, a low temperature sometimes appears, but this is a rather rare occurrence. The purulent process is also sometimes accompanied by a temperature of no higher than 37 degrees. If a seven-year-old child develops a fever after BCG vaccination, you should consult a pediatrician.

Cases when BCG vaccination is prohibited

There are also contraindications to vaccinations. Vaccination is prohibited for the following categories of patients:

children whose families have hereditary or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome;
infants who have brothers or sisters who have seriously suffered the consequences of BCG vaccination;
newborns with congenital fermentopathy;
newborns with severe hereditary diseases (dauntism);
newborns with severe central nervous system lesions (cerebral palsy).

The BCG vaccine is a weakened strain of the tuberculosis virus specially bred in the laboratory, which does not cause infection, but allows the child's immature body to develop immunity against this dangerous disease.

To prevent tuberculosis in children, mandatory BCG vaccination is required. This vaccine does not prevent infection with tuberculosis, but it does protect against the infection becoming diseased (in 70% of vaccinated people) and almost completely protects children from all severe forms of tuberculosis. The use of BCG vaccination has significantly reduced the risk of tuberculosis in children.

For many years now, many forms of tuberculosis have not been observed in vaccinated children.

What is the BCG vaccination?

BCG is a foreign abbreviation that stands for BCG - Bacillus Calmette (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin). Vaccination is included in the list of mandatory vaccinations, but not everyone has an idea of what this drug is and what the purpose of its administration is.

The medication is designed to protect a person from tuberculosis. To make the drug, a live but very weakened strain of tuberculosis bacillus is used. It is not dangerous for the child, as it is grown in an artificial environment.

Among the main features of the vaccine are the following:

used to prevent tuberculosis;
is not intended to protect against infection, the infection in vaccinated people occurs in a latent form, protection is created for the disease to become open;
prevents tuberculosis from becoming severe, when bones and joints are damaged, dangerous forms of infection of the lungs, tuberculous meningitis;
helps reduce the incidence of morbidity in childhood.

What to do if BCG does not heal?

The healing process is long and the duration may vary for each baby. Some mothers panic if after three months a festering wound remains, there is redness and the baby periodically has a fever.

The whole process can take up to one year, and if the BCG does not heal after a long time, then you should see a doctor. In some babies, suppuration may end with the formation of a crust, and then begin again with renewed vigor. Most often this is within the normal range and no intervention is required. Sometimes the cause of this condition is infection getting into the wound and scratching it. To avoid this, you can cover the injection site with a napkin.

Mommies should worry if more than six months have passed, and the completion of the scarring process is not even visible. The vaccination site looks very inflamed, there is an extensive abscess. In such situations, you should not do anything on your own; it is better to visit a pediatrician who will find out the reasons for the long healing process and tell you what to do.

Now mothers themselves have the right to decide whether to vaccinate their baby or not. But we must always remember that by refusing vaccination, the child’s health is at great risk. It is better to experience some inconvenience after vaccination than to then deal with long and difficult treatment for tuberculosis.

Main adverse reactions of tuberculosis vaccines

BCG vaccines

This condition should not cause any discomfort to the child.

Basically, the reaction to the injection occurs in the form of redness, swelling and thickening of the area of the body where the vaccination was performed. In some cases, other symptoms may be observed: pain in the legs, limping when moving.

The main complications after BCG are associated with incorrect administration of the drug due to failure to comply with the necessary conditions, which include:

Vaccination must be carried out in a separate room.
BCG vaccination is carried out using a special syringe intended for intradermal administration.
the medical worker who will administer the vaccination must be qualified, since BCG has a complex administration technique, especially in newborns.

Vaccination against tuberculosis should not cause any specific reactions in the child such as elevated body temperature or enlarged lymph nodes.

Redness and inflammation of the skin

Redness after a BCG vaccination is considered a normal reaction, even for a whole year.
This can happen in different ways depending on the individual characteristics of each person.

So for some, the redness goes away after a week, while for others it lasts for more than 2 months. If such a reaction is detected, there is no need to visit a doctor, but when examined by a pediatrician, it should be noted that the vaccine has turned red.

After the BCG vaccination, a small swelling will appear at the injection site and a similar reaction will be observed for 2-3 days; it usually goes away on its own. This process should not cause concern.

After a month and a half, the process of suppuration and the formation of red pimples at the site of vaccination will begin, which is the final stage in the formation of a scar.

A keloid scar in the form of red and swollen skin at the site of vaccination indicates that the vaccine can no longer be administered to this patient.

Lump with pus at the injection site

The occurrence of an abscess at the injection site is especially fearful for most parents. Against this background, panic develops and for several months, when the process of suppuration begins, basically no one knows what needs to be done.

At the puncture site, a small abscess with a white head will form, covered in the middle with a crust, which is contraindicated to pick off and treat with ointments; it should go away on its own. The process of suppuration of the BCG vaccination is a normal condition and does not indicate any disorders in the child’s body.

In children suffering from immunodeficiency, severe purulent inflammation in the area of vaccination is possible. Such a reaction requires observation by a surgeon using conservative treatment, and in more severe circumstances it will be necessary to excise the affected tissue.

Increased body temperature

Detection of an elevated body temperature of up to 37.5 degrees in the evening on the day of BCG vaccination is considered a normal condition and does not require any action to be taken in this case.
If the temperature rises to 38-38.5 degrees, it is necessary to give the child an antipyretic drug before bedtime. If you notice a fever in the morning, you will need to call a doctor for an examination.

A similar reaction is observed in the case of insufficiently strengthened immunity. In such a situation, there is no need to worry, because although the child’s immunity is weak and cannot overcome the virus, he will not get tuberculosis. For the same reason, cough, runny nose and redness of the throat may develop.

Swollen lymph node

If the lymph node has increased by more than 1 centimeter, this may indicate that mycobacteria have entered it, which will require immediate consultation with a specialist and medical intervention to avoid complications.

Lymphadenitis is an inflammatory process of the lymph nodes accompanied by enlarged glands, in some cases it occurs with suppuration and the formation of a fistula or other signs of intoxication of the body.

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Conclusion

Suppuration of the vaccination site is not so rare, but you should immediately pay attention to this and consult a pediatrician. You cannot start self-treatment, lubricate the affected area with brilliant green or iodine, as this disrupts the formation of immunity. Under normal conditions, scarring occurs within 1-2 months, but if lethargy, fever, enlargement of the lesion and other disturbances appear, you should immediately contact the specialist who performed the vaccination. You can watch the video about the features of BCG and how vaccination is carried out.

What to do if the BCG vaccine is red (inflamed) and swollen in a child or adult

BCG vaccination is one of the vaccines that a child is introduced to in the first days of life. Early immunization helps prevent the onset of tuberculosis, which affects the entire body. Young mothers often complain to doctors that their baby’s BCG is red. There are several reasons for the development of such a reaction; examination will help identify them.

If a child has BCG inflammation, we may be talking about:

Incorrect administration of BCG vaccination. If the Mantoux test performed after vaccination gives a negative result, revaccination is required. The second vaccination can only be done after 7 years, so the child remains under the supervision of a TB specialist. To prevent tuberculosis, the Mantoux test is done 2 times a year.
The presence of natural anti-tuberculosis immunity. About 2% of the inhabitants of our planet have stable immunity to some bacterial and viral infections. Such people do not need additional protection. The body suppresses the development of infection until antibodies appear. In such cases, scarring changes do not occur after vaccination; only temporary redness of the injection site is observed.
Formation of a subcutaneous scar. It is determined by a change in skin tone and slight inflammation of the tissue at the injection site. The skin becomes pink or red. This indicates post-vaccination changes occurring in tissues. If the scar that appeared 2 months after the BCG vaccination and the redness disappear, the vaccine ceases to be effective.
Injection site infection. For this reason, BCG turns red in an adult. Penetration of pathogenic microorganisms is facilitated by trauma to the scar. The infection is accompanied by inflammation, causing redness and suppuration.

What is the BCG vaccine for?

BCG vaccination helps build immunity to a serious disease - tuberculosis. In the modern world, it is not done to everyone, but only to those who are at risk. Those countries in which the tuberculosis situation is considered dangerous have maintained universal vaccination. This also applies to our country.

Vaccination helps:

acquire stable immunity to tuberculosis;
If mycobacteria penetrate into the body, the disease is more easily tolerated.

As a result, with timely vaccination, a person can remain calm and not be afraid of catching Koch’s bacillus. At the same time, for early diagnosis and identification of those who may need re-vaccination, there are early diagnostic methods, including a tuberculin test.

Vaccination is carried out against tuberculosis and to prevent widespread infection. The fight against this microorganism has been going on for centuries, but vaccination helps prevent infection.

What to do?

The normal reaction of parents, if the child’s BCG is red and swollen, will be to worry that the child has tuberculosis. Actually this is not true. After the vaccination has been given, it is necessary to monitor the reaction at the puncture site and the general condition of the baby. Redness of the skin and the subsequent possible appearance of suppuration should not cause panic among parents. Adults should remember that under no circumstances should the injection site be treated with any means. The abscess should also not be removed or attempted to be cleaned. Normally, this manifestation will soon pass and the abscess will heal and the redness of the skin will subside.

If the redness of the skin does not subside for a long time, then you should consult a doctor.

It is also necessary to make an appointment with a phthisiatrician if the redness begins to increase in size. Parents need to ensure that the child does not scratch the vaccine under any circumstances. After the examination, the doctor will be able to answer why this reaction occurred and prescribe additional examination if necessary.

Despite the fact that just under 100 years have passed since the invention of the BCG vaccination, today it is used in more than 60 countries around the world. BCG remains relevant and one of the most effective measures against tuberculosis.

What is BCG

BCG vaccines are created from the tuberculosis bacillus that infects cattle. A weakened form of the virus is used, which allows for minimal virulence for humans. If the child does not have obvious immune or health problems, there should be no complications.

According to the vaccination calendar, vaccinations are carried out three times in a person’s life:

from 3 to 7 days after birth;
at 7 years old;
at 14 years old.

The BCG vaccination not only protects against the infection itself, but also helps the body fight the virus and prevent possible complications. In addition, thanks to vaccination, it is possible to reduce the likelihood of developing tuberculous meningitis - this pathology poses the greatest danger to the lungs.

If there are contraindications, vaccinations are not given in the maternity hospital. A delay is allowed, but the vaccine must be administered up to three months of the child’s life. It is first necessary to perform a Mantoux test; administration of the drug is possible only if its reaction is negative.

Komarovsky about BCG

When asked by mothers whether BCG should be done, Evgeniy Komarovsky answers unequivocally - it is necessary. After all, it will be much better for a child’s body if it encounters a small number of weakened pathogens of a serious illness than if the child receives an infectious dose of strong and aggressive microbes. But the reality in Russia is that getting sick is as easy as shelling pears - people with infectious tuberculosis move freely, travel in public transport, go to stores, sneeze and cough on the street. There is no shortage of aggressive sticks.

The video where Dr. Komarovsky will tell you everything about the BCG vaccination can be seen below.

Komarovsky especially emphasizes that the test, which many mothers mistakenly also call vaccination, is a very informative way to find out whether the child is infected. The test must be done annually. If it suddenly turns out to be positive, this does not mean that the child will have a comfortable government bed in a tuberculosis dispensary. If an active live bacillus enters a child’s body, then usually the immune defense and the efforts of antibodies are sufficient to prevent tuberculosis from developing. In the absence of proper attention from doctors and parents, without special treatment, a serious illness develops in only 10-15% of children.

In general, the BCG vaccine protects quite effectively against fatal forms of tuberculosis, but, Evgeniy Komarovsky emphasizes, even timely vaccination and subsequent timely revaccination do not provide an absolute guarantee that the child will not get tuberculosis, although they significantly reduce this risk.

Dr. Komarovsky will tell you why the Mantoux test is needed for children in the next video.

Why you shouldn't squeeze pus out of a wound

A cold abscess after vaccination does not require special treatment if it is of an acceptable size and does not pose a danger. Ideally, it will disappear on its own after six months, but it is necessary to constantly monitor the purulent wound to notice all the changes.

The best method for caring for a cold abscess is to not touch or deform it. Scratching, cuts, punctures, as well as self-treatment with ointments, antiseptics and antibiotics can aggravate the situation. The fact is that they simply destroy the effect of the tuberculosis bacillus, which makes the vaccination useless.

If mechanical damage occurs, it is advisable to cover the abscess with clean gauze and immediately consult a doctor. If a cold abscess forms, it is strictly forbidden to:

independently open, pierce or cut the abscess;
comb, pick, squeeze out pus from the wound;
apply antiseptic, antibacterial sprays, ointments yourself;
bandage or seal with a plaster.

The pus should come out on its own, but if the abscess has reached a large size and the area around it looks inflamed/swollen, the doctor will open the purulent capsule and prescribe treatment. You cannot pump out the pus yourself, because only a doctor can do this professionally, otherwise the contents of the abscess will accumulate elsewhere or a secondary infection will occur. If the abscess does not go away, then this is a reason to consult a doctor.

Photo 4. Measuring the BCG value in a child. This is done to ensure that the permissible dimensions are not exceeded.

BCG is festering, what to do?

What parents should do if the BCG vaccine fails should only be decided by a doctor. Independent manipulations can disrupt the formation of immunity to tuberculosis and cause the development of complications.

Why you shouldn't squeeze pus out of a wound

When an abscess appears after BCG, you cannot squeeze it out, pierce it, treat the injection site with antiseptics, or cover it with a band-aid. At the site of drug administration, lymphocytes gather to fight the pathogen. If you violate the integrity of the skin at this moment or start treating it with any antiseptics (brilliant, iodine, alcohol), full immunity will not be formed.

What to do if the abscess bursts and the pus comes out

First of all, in such a situation, you should contact your family doctor or pediatrician. If he confirms that this is a normal reaction of the child to the vaccine, only observation is required for the wound. Before a crust forms, it should be covered with a sterile, dry gauze cloth to prevent secondary infection.

In order not to provoke negative reactions to vaccination and the development of complications, you need to follow simple rules:

First of all, you cannot get vaccinated if there are contraindications to vaccination;
The injection is administered after 30-40 minutes. after feeding, half an hour after vaccination, you can give the baby breastfeeding;
on the first day after vaccination, you should not wet the vaccine injection site;
For several weeks, do not rub the skin with a hard washcloth or scratch it;
for several weeks after vaccination, it is necessary to avoid contact with strangers, since the immune system is weakened at this moment;
if a child is from a family where there are patients with tuberculosis, the vaccination is not done or is done after contact with the sick person has been excluded.

What does a complication look like?

The appearance of a small inflamed wound after vaccination should not cause concern to the child’s parents. It’s worse if BCG does not fester. This is the first sign that the baby’s immunity is too weak and is not able to respond normally to hostile microorganisms.

After vaccination, both parents and the local pediatrician monitor the condition of the wound. If BCG was given to a child over seven years old, you should listen to all children’s complaints. The concern is:

temperature;
swollen injection site;
strong pain;
too much suppuration;
noticeable redness outside the wound.

We recommend reading! Follow the link: What should be the reaction to the Mantoux test?

Inflammation that exceeds 10 mm is evidence of a negative reaction. It is possible that the child has an individual intolerance to the components of the vaccine or an immunodeficiency. The injection site of the vaccine must be shown to the doctor.

What it is

BCG is a vaccine against tuberculosis, a disease that kills about 3 million people worldwide every year. Vaccination is mandatory in 19 countries. The vaccine contains a weakened bovine tuberculosis bacillus. The drug exists in two versions: BCG - for ordinary children and BCG-M - for babies born prematurely.

The first vaccination is done without a preliminary Mantoux test; for revaccination, a preliminary “button” is required. The fact is that it makes sense to get vaccinated only if infection has not yet occurred. If the child’s body has already encountered Koch’s bacillus, then there is no need to vaccinate. The Mantoux test just shows the advisability of revaccination.

The vaccine is administered subcutaneously into the shoulder. The injection site sometimes festers, although this is an individual reaction, but everyone, with a few exceptions, remains with a characteristic scar, confirming the fact of vaccination.

What is an abscess after BCG?

Why does the BCG vaccine fester? The vaccine is a highly weakened mycobacterium that, when it enters the body, causes local tissue damage. The appearance of a small pustule indicates that the body is beginning to fight against Koch's bacillus; redness at first is a normal reaction. But the size of such an area should not exceed one centimeter, that is, surrounding tissues and organs should not be involved in the process. It is also normal for a keloid scar to appear after the ulcer has healed.

If the BCG vaccination has festered and a small bubble appears, you need to pay attention to the surrounding tissue. They should not be swollen or inflamed; the child’s general well-being should be normal. The bottle must not be opened or the liquid squeezed out - only gently wiped with a sterile napkin. Complications such as a large ulcer are extremely rare, but they can occur and include:

osteomyelitis (cause – poor quality vaccine);
lymphadenitis (develops only with low or absent immunity);
an ulcer larger than one centimeter in size (develops with increased sensitivity to the components of the vaccine);
cold abscess (appears when vaccination is performed incorrectly, usually requires surgical treatment).

BCG vaccination festers, what to do

BCG suppurates a little girl
If the process of suppuration is not accompanied by accompanying symptoms that may indicate the presence of pathology, then no treatment is required. Moreover, it is prohibited to do anything with the bubble. All that is required of you is not to interfere with the body’s immune response. Everything will go away on its own.

Very often, parents unknowingly begin to treat the injection site using antiseptic ointments, disinfectants, for example, drawing an iodine grid. You should know that this is strictly prohibited. Moreover, you should not try to tear off the crust yourself or squeeze out the contents of the abscess. And when the papule opens and the contents begin to come out of it, all you need to do is gently blot the area with a sterile napkin, it is advisable to temporarily wrap the handle with a sterile bandage to prevent infection from entering the open wound.

If the formation of pus in a child is pathological, he will be provided with assistance in a medical institution; they can get by with both conservative treatment and surgical treatment, if necessary.