Centile tables for boys and girls. Height and weight, head circumference, chest circumference

Judging by the traffic to various pages of our resource, parents are most concerned about the weight and height of their children. In this publication we will try to immediately answer all already asked and future questions on this topic. We bring to your attention centile tables for assessing the physical development of a child. With their help, you can determine for yourself how close your baby’s anthropometric data are to normal, and consult a doctor if these indicators approach extreme limits.

What are centiles and centile tables in pediatrics?

The centile is a certain number that reflects the child’s development parameters, for example, height, head circumference or body length. Such indicators are determined by studying a group of subjects and identifying patterns of development characteristic of the majority, and then combined into groups, forming centile tables.

Divisions into groups in centile tables are carried out as follows:

• For the study, a group of children is randomly selected and their height is measured, for example.
• The most common growth indicators are determined as the arithmetic average and placed in the middle of the table under the value “50%”.
• Downward deviations are placed in the table on the left, where the leftmost column will be the lowest growth.
• Deviations in the larger direction are placed in the table on the right, where the rightmost column will be the largest increase.

In these tables, the most uncommon are the extreme columns, the value of which does not exceed 6 to 11% of the total number of those studied.

What are centile tables?

They represent a kind of mathematical photograph of the distribution of a large number of children according to increasing indicators of height, weight, chest and head circumference. The practical use of these tables is simple and convenient, combined with a good logical understanding of the assessment results.

You can understand what a centile scale is, for example, height, using the following example. Imagine 100 children of the same age and gender, lined up in height from smallest to tallest. The height of the first three children is assessed as very low, from the 3rd to the 10th - as low, 10-25th - as below average, 25-75th - as average height. The height of 75-90 is rated as above average, 90-97 as tall and the last three guys as very tall.

The meaning of centiles and compliance with norms

Centile tables for boys and girls contain data on developmental norms and help identify violations.

The decoding of centiles and their correspondence to normality is reflected in the table:

Centenary tables for boys and girls will help you independently identify deficiencies in a child’s development. However, then specialist consultation will be required, because without it it is not worth taking measures if disproportionate development has been identified.

Current WHO standards

In 2005, WHO (World Health Organization) experts compiled and approved correspondence tables (centile), which are recommended for use in modern pediatrics. They were based on the results obtained during the MIER 1997–2003. (Multifocal Study on Growth Standards).

During the implementation of the project, a large number of healthy children of different nationalities living in different climatic zones were examined. Their anthropometric data were systematized, analyzed and entered into tables.

A prerequisite for participation was that child care complied with WHO health guidelines.

Today, it is the data from these studies and the centile tables compiled on their basis that are considered to be the standard with which pediatricians around the world compare the compliance of children’s development with age standards.

Photo gallery: WHO data on child development

WHO Child Development Data - Height-Age (Girls)

WHO Child Development Data - Height-Age (Boys)

WHO standards - weight, children from birth (girls)

WHO standards - weight, children from birth (boys)

Norms of weight and height in children

The development of children at different ages proceeds differently, so there are different standards for determining the correct growth of key indicators.

Normal height for boys under 1 year of age can be seen in the table:

After 1 year and up to 17 years, the following growth is common for boys:

Normal weight for boys under 1 year of age is shown in the table:

Normal weight for boys aged 2 to 17 years is shown in the table:

Normal growth parameters for girls under 1 year of age can be seen in the table:

Normal height for girls aged 2 to 17 years is shown in the table:

Normal weight parameters for girls under 1 year of age can be seen in the table:

Normal weight for girls aged 2 to 17 years is shown in the table:

Physical development of boys from 0 to 17 years

Centile tables for boys contain indicators that allow you to assess the child's development, but they are not enough to make a complete assessment of physical development.

To do this, you need to study 3 indicators:

• anthropometric data;
• data on the functional functioning of the body;
• somatoscopic examination data.

An anthropometric study allows you to find out indicators such as height, body weight, chest and head circumference and compare them with the norm indicated in centile tables. Such manipulations make it possible to identify deviations in the harmony of development.

The study of the functionality of the body includes the study of muscles, lungs and the functioning of the cardiac system. Indicators of muscle strength in children can be assessed visually by how the child has mastered movements that are characteristic of his age.

Such as:

• hold your head (3 months);
• ability to sit (6-7 months);
• walking (12 months);
• appearance of speech (2 years);
• cycling skill (3 years).

• Also, using a visual examination, you can evaluate somatoscopic data such as:

1. color of the skin;
2. condition of the skin;
3. condition of mucous membranes;
4. volume of fat layer;
5. posture.

If any deviations are detected, you should contact your pediatrician for advice. Anthropometric data measurements must be carried out annually when the child reaches the age of 1 year. Up to a year monthly.

You can assess the correctness of a child’s growth using the Kislyakovskaya table, which takes into account the peculiarities of changes in the ratio of height and weight of boys up to one year old.

The norm is considered to be not only complete compliance with the data in the table, but also a deviation from them by 10%. A higher percentage of deviation is considered a violation. In such a situation, additional examination is necessary.

After a year, the normal development of a boy can also be checked using the formulas:

• to calculate average height, you need to multiply your age (in years) by 8 and add 77;
• to calculate the average weight, you need to multiply your age (in years) by 2500 and add 10500;
• to calculate the average chest circumference, you need to multiply your age (in years) by 2.5 and add 51;
• To calculate the average head circumference you need to add 47 to your age (in years).

Methodology for using centile scoring tables

Category: Social medicine

Physical development standards, built on the basis of the centile method, also consist of assessment tables compiled for individual age and sex groups (see Table 2).

table 2

Body weight assessment table (in g)

at different body lengths - heights (in cm)

Standards for individual assessment of physical development

Centile particulars (probabilities)

Numbers of centile corridors

Each of the fixed centiles is called a “centile probability” and is denoted as a percentage. The intervals between centile probabilities are called centile intervals (“corridors”, “channels”).

There are 8 centile intervals of unequal size.

The 1st interval includes values ​​up to the centile probability of 3%. Indicators falling into the 1st interval are assessed as sharply reduced.

The 2nd interval includes values ​​between the 3rd and 1st centiles; these indicators are regarded as reduced . At the same time, the 1st and 2nd intervals are designated as sharply disharmonious with a deficiency of body weight and chest circumference of the second degree. Children with physical development parameters corresponding to the 1st interval constitute a group with deviations in physical development; those corresponding to the 2nd interval constitute a risk group (Table 2).

The 3rd interval includes indicators that are between the 10th and 25th centiles; these indicators are regarded as below average . This interval is also assessed as disharmonious with a deficiency of body weight and chest circumference of the first degree.

The 4th interval includes values ​​between the 25th and 50th centile probabilities. The 5th interval includes values ​​between the 50th and 75th centiles.

Values ​​falling into the 4th and 5th intervals are assessed as average. In addition, the 4th and 5th intervals are considered as intervals corresponding to harmonious physical development.

The 6th interval includes indicators within the 75th and 90th centiles, which is assessed as physical development above average or disharmonious with excess body weight and chest circumference of the first degree. In addition, children whose level of physical development corresponds to the 3rd, 4th, 5th and (or) 6th intervals constitute the group with normal physical development (Table 2).

The 7th interval includes indicators between the 90th and 97th centile probabilities; they are assessed as elevated.

The 8th interval includes values ​​above the 97th centile, which are assessed as sharply elevated. The values ​​of the 7th and 8th intervals are regarded as sharply disharmonious with excess body weight and chest circumference of the II degree. In addition, children with physical development parameters corresponding to the 7th interval constitute a risk group; corresponding to the 8th - constitute a group with deviations in physical development.

With the centile method, the value of an observed characteristic is considered typical if it is within the 25th to 75th centiles. Consequently, 50% of all values ​​of the analyzed sample are taken as the standard. When using the sigma method, as is known, the interval M ± 1d is taken, which includes 68.3% of all values ​​of the variation series.

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Physical development of girls from 0 to 17 years

In order to find out whether a girl is developed normally for her age, it is necessary to calculate 3 parameters: anthropometric, functional and somatoscopic.

The last 2 include checking the operation of internal systems and the external condition of the child, so they are carried out by specialists. Parents can check anthropometric data on their own. To do this, you need to measure the child and then compare the measurements with the tables.

At the age of up to one year, you can use centile tables and the Kislyakovskaya table.

The latest is shown below:

This table is aimed at identifying deviations in weight gain and height of children under one year old.

Over 1 year and up to 17 years, the main parameters can be calculated using the formulas:

• to calculate average height, you need to multiply your age (in years) by 8 and add 77;
• to calculate the average weight, you need to multiply your age (in years) by 2500 and add 10400;
• to calculate the average chest circumference, you need to multiply your age (in years) by 2.5 and add 51;
• To calculate the average head circumference you need to add 45 to your age (in years).

It should be taken into account that at the age of 8 girls begin puberty. During this period, sharp jumps in both height and weight may be observed. It is also around this time that breasts begin to grow.

Assessment of risk factors for premature infants in the first year of life

Sigma and percentile type tables are used.

Vertically - indicators of weight, length, head and chest circumference, horizontally - his gestational age. If the intersection point of these lines is located between the P25-50-75 curves, the indicator corresponds to the norm, if P10 is 25 and 75-90, then the indicators are above and below average.

Having brought your baby to an appointment with a pediatrician, who will weigh her and measure her height, chest and head girth, you hear an assessment of these indicators: a four, or another number from one to eight. What are these points? This is the centile corridor

, which contains your girl’s indicators according to the table.

Using the tables, you can find out whether your child’s height and weight at a given age (from birth to 17 years) are normal. Centile tables are given below.

Roughly speaking, 3 middle columns are considered the norm, but this is not the main thing. It is important that the centile corridor does not change sharply. For example, if at 2 months the baby’s weight is 6, and at 3 months – 3, or vice versa, there is a high probability of health problems and the baby needs to be examined.

Dental tables for assessing the physical development of a child represent a kind of “mathematical photograph” of the distribution of a large number of children according to increasing indicators of height, weight, chest and head circumference. The practical use of these tables is extremely simple and convenient, combined with a good logical understanding of the assessment results.

The columns of centile tables show the quantitative boundaries of a trait in a certain proportion (percentage, centile) of children of a given age and gender. In this case, the values ​​characteristic of half of healthy children of a given sex and age are taken as average or strictly normal values, which corresponds to the interval 25-50-75%. In our tables this interval is shaded. Intervals that are close to the average are assessed as below and above average (10-25% and 75-90%, respectively). These indicators can also be regarded by parents as normal. If the indicator falls into the zone of 3-10 or 90-97%, you should be wary and point this out to your doctor. This is an area of ​​attention that requires additional consultation and examination. If the child’s indicator goes beyond 3 or 97%, it is very likely that the child has some kind of pathology that affects the indicators of his physical development. distribution of children by head circumference

You can understand what a dental scale is, for example a height scale, using the following example. Imagine 100 children of the same age and gender, lined up in height from smallest to tallest. The height of the first three children is assessed as very low, from 3 to 10 - low, 10-25 - below average, 25-75 - average, 75-90 - above average, 90-97 - tall and the last three guys are very tall.

The indicator of height, weight, etc. of a particular child can be placed in its own “corridor” of the centile scale of the corresponding table. Depending on which “corridors” the child’s anthropometric data fall into, a value judgment is formulated and an appropriate tactical medical decision is made.

The same principle is used to assess the correspondence of body weight to the length and height of a child, while the distribution is constructed using weight indicators for children of the same height.

Centile tables for boys, like those, are intended to determine the level of physical development of a child in the context of existing standards. Using them, you can determine how your child fits into the statistics of his generation.

WHO centile tables for assessing the physical development of girls

WHO has developed centile tables that take into account the developmental characteristics of children from birth to 17 years of age. They contain all the basic parameters, both their normal value and deviations from the norm.

Height according to age

Weight for age

Correspondence of head circumference to age

Correspondence of chest girth to age

WHO centile tables for assessing the physical development of boys

Centile tables for boys, which are used to identify developmental disorders, were developed by the World Health Organization and contain all the main parameters. Such as height, weight, chest and head circumference.

Height according to age

Weight for age

Correspondence of head circumference to age

Correspondence of chest girth to age

How to use and evaluate using centile tables

Centile tables help reveal how boys and girls develop. In the tables, the most common value is located in the center, to the left the indicator decreases, and to the right it increases.

To assess the child’s condition, you need to find his parameters in the table and compare them with the norm, which is also indicated here.

Interpretation of centiles

To find out from the table which growth category a child belongs to, you need to find its value and look in which column it is located. If the column is central or located close to it, then growth is normal and corresponds to approximately 50% of the population.

Centile tables for boys - statistics

If it is located to the extreme right or left, then deviations from the norm are observed, upward or downward, respectively. However, here the deviation from the norm is not critical. The situation is more complicated with determining the normality of development of anthropometric indicators.

To do this, it is necessary to measure several parameters:

• height;
• weight;
• Head circumference;
• chest circumference.

Then find all the data in the table and see if they are in the same column. If yes, then the child develops harmoniously without disturbances. The same conclusion can be drawn if the indicators are located in adjacent columns. If the spread is more than one column, then there is a growth disorder. The development is completely disharmonious if the spread is more than three columns.

How to use WHO tables?

1. Find the line that matches the child's age.
2. Determine between which values ​​in this line the child’s weight (height) lies:
   between column indicators -1 SD and 1 SD. This is an area of ​​average values, half of healthy children of a given age have the same weight (height);
3. between column indicators -3 SD and -1 SD, 1 SD and 3 SD. These are areas of reduced or increased weight (height), such children in the population are about 44%, and this is also a variant of the norm. Lower (higher) weight (height) may be associated with genetic characteristics (for example, such as the height of parents, the weight of the child at birth), constitutional and metabolic characteristics;
4. the weight (height) value is beyond the indicators of the -3 SD and 3 SD columns. Such values ​​are a reason to consult a doctor to examine the child and find out the reasons for the lag (advance) in weight (height). Although about 6% of healthy children have the same indicators.

What to do if the indicators are higher or lower than normal?

If any deviation from the norm is discovered, do not panic and take it as a diagnosis. There are several reasons for disharmonious development. One of these is heredity; if there were very tall people in the family, then most likely the child will be taller than the statistical average.

Also, the parameters may differ due to the country of manufacture of the centile table. For example, a comparison of the parameters of a Russian child was made using tables from China, and the Chinese are usually lower than Europeans. Therefore, discrepancies may occur. In addition, children sometimes develop in leaps and bounds, and if at 3 months there were deviations from the norm, then by the age of one year everything is fine.

However, if any abnormalities are detected in a boy or girl in comparison with the data of the centile tables, it is worth contacting a pediatrician for additional examination in order to avoid possible negative consequences.

Article design: Mila Friedan