Raising a child from birth to one year.

Month one

For a newborn boy or girl, the first month is the most difficult. The baby finds himself in a completely new, unusual environment. He learns to breathe, his digestive system is rebuilt. Vision and hearing begin to develop.

The main task of parents is to try to create the most comfortable conditions for their child from the very first week of his life. He feels his mother’s condition very well, so try not to be nervous or scream, but to give your boy or girl more love, care and affection this month.

Parenting from the first month to one year consists of caring for and playing with the newborn. A bright, not very loud, adapted (0+) rattle for a one-month-old baby is the baby’s first toy. He begins to turn his head towards the noise and look for a bright spot with his eyes. Color vision develops. By moving the rattle in front of the baby's eyes, we teach him to fix his gaze.

To develop hearing, in addition to using a rattle, you need to talk tenderly to the baby and hum something quietly.

All children are different. The correct feeding method chosen for each person will help avoid many problems with the child’s digestion and mental state.

How to care for a one-month-old baby,

This is usually told and shown by the visiting nurse and pediatrician, who are required to visit newborns from the first day of discharge from the maternity hospital.

Caring for a newborn baby includes:

Cleaning ears and nose, washing, navel treatment, trimming nails, bathing and washing. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the intimate hygiene of boys and girls has some differences. In the process of washing girls, all movements are performed from the pubis towards the tailbone, and not vice versa.
Newborns are required to receive a massage and light exercise. Massage helps to quickly reduce muscle tone and relax arms and legs.
In the first month, you need to determine when the baby wants, eats, sleeps and is awake. Then the establishment of a regime occurs without stress, of course. It is important to understand that the regime is set not by the mother, but by the child himself.

Month two

A child’s behavior depends on the principles by which his family lives. Family life should not be built around his whims. Otherwise he will grow up to be selfish. But don’t listen to advice: “The child screams and develops his lungs.”

If a child is constantly naughty at 2 months, it means that something is bothering him. If your baby has just been fed and he is crying, you should not rush to feed him again. Try to find out the reasons for crying. Maybe he just needs a diaper change.

In raising a baby from the first days until he is one year old, it is the second month that is very important in the formation of the emotional sphere. If the child did not receive enough maternal warmth and affection at this time, he will have problems in the future with adaptation in society. Phobias and neuroses may develop.

Often parents do not understand why their boy has been crying in the evenings for the 2nd month or why their girl has become capricious. Evening crying helps some children get rid of the stress accumulated during the day. You definitely need to calm him down: pat him on the back, take him in your arms, rock him. If this does not help, feed the baby. Don't worry. This will end by the beginning of the fourth month.

A baby in the second month of life is more awake. Determines the source of the sound. The field of view expands. Reacts to familiar faces and objects with a real smile, tries to turn his head. It's time to introduce new toys and games with your baby. Hang a module or carousel above the crib. Walk around the crib, ringing a rattle or bell. Carry it around the apartment, showing various objects and calling their names. This develops curiosity.

A two-month-old baby is in the process of imprinting a familiar face. He enjoys looking at photographs of mom and dad.

It’s good to add exercises on a large ball to gymnastics and daily exercises for a two-month-old baby. They will help develop a sense of balance.

Intellectual development

Since the child is still content with the role of observer, games should be aimed at actively receiving visual, auditory and tactile impressions, understanding them, remembering and applying them.

Make thematic albums “Vegetables”, “Fruits”, “Animals”, “Clothes” and others by pasting corresponding pictures into ordinary drawing pads. Let's look at it for the baby, naming what is depicted.
It is also useful for a child to look at a family album, which contains high-quality photographs of close relatives whom he knows well.
If it's a sunny day, show your child that objects and people cast shadows, play with a mirror, try to step on it or catch a sunbeam.
Play different types of music for your child, learn how different musical instruments sound, this contributes to the development of auditory perception.
Games with a sorter and geometric shapes will form a child’s understanding of different sizes and shapes.
Build your child's first library of books with thick cardboard pages and colorful drawings. Of course, he will not learn to read right away, but he will love to study with a book, this is the first step to reading.
Encourage your child to socialize with other children and adults.
When playing with your baby, give him freedom of action, even if from your point of view he is doing something wrong.
Buy a Lego-type construction set with large parts, cubes, toys without musical and other entertainment elements. Playing with them forces you to use your imagination and come up with a scenario on your own.
Gradually teach your child to be independent, allow him to help you by giving feasible instructions.

Limit TV viewing and tablet activities. Because of “ready-made” entertainment, the child becomes a passive observer, and not an active participant in the game process, as it should be.

Month three

The child becomes more and more interested in surrounding objects. Tries to raise the head in a position on the tummy. Able to pick up and squeeze toys in his fist. Actively expresses emotions. Looks carefully at bright objects. More consonant sounds appear in speech.

Raising a newborn child in the first three months mainly affects the sphere of sensations. Motor skills develop much more slowly.

A special “developmental” mat helps entertain a three-month-old baby and develop the child’s fine motor skills and coordination. Bright colors, pleasant to the touch, with rustling inserts and fluffy arcs from which toys are suspended.

By trying to reach a toy or a bright picture, the baby develops physically. Feeling various objects develops fine motor skills, which helps strengthen the nervous system. Affects associative memory and speech.

At this time, she listens with great attention to her mother’s songs and melodic sounds. To develop hearing, you can play sound recordings with calm music several times a day.

From birth to 3 months

The main task of parents in the first trimester is to provide the baby with adequate nutrition, ideally mother’s milk. We should not forget about hygiene skills: bathe the baby in the bath, change diapers regularly and wash the bottom. What else do psychologists remind parents of?

To strengthen the muscle corset and prepare for the first independent movements, place the newborn on his tummy. In this position, he will be able to raise his head, lean on his arms and look at the world around him.
Constantly communicate with your baby: tell nursery rhymes during bathing, massage, and changing clothes. Play classical music and sing bedtime lullabies.
Prevent the formation of unwanted habits, do not teach a pacifier and at the same time do not allow the baby to suck his fingers.

Fourth month

So, the fourth month has come after the birth of the baby. Every mother is relieved to observe positive changes in the functioning of the digestive system, which means that the period when the child constantly cries around the clock due to intestinal colic is over. The daily routine improves and night sleep improves.

While observing the baby, we note the following

holds his head confidently, lying on his tummy, leaning on his forearm,
carefully watches the toy,
reaches out with his hand for a moving toy,
holds the ring, squeezing his fingers tightly,
smiles easily at loved ones and strangers.

Starting from four months, the child actively learns to control his hands, is very receptive to convex and three-dimensional objects, and is ready to selectively grab his grandmother’s glasses or his sister’s bow.

A period of experimentation and discovery begins. Having noticed a bright object, he shows a desire to touch it. In this way, the baby figures out the relationship between visual and tactile perception. It is important to offer him the right toys that will stimulate development.

Tips for choosing toys

they must be made from environmentally friendly materials, large enough so that the baby cannot swallow,
It is desirable that these be bells, soft fabric balls, multi-colored rings, as well as figurines of fish, butterflies, birds, etc.
Mobile phones with various pendants are emotionally perceived by children. They need to be firmly secured at such a height that the baby can reach them with his hands and a little later with his legs.

Games with a baby up to three months

During this age period, it is necessary to purchase toys that develop the baby’s tactile sensations, visual and auditory perception, and coordinated movements. You will need:

a rattle, which is the very first and most important toy for a newborn. To develop hearing, make noise with a rattle first in one ear and then in the other so that the baby turns around towards the sound;
carousels of various small figures, which should be fixed above the children's bed at a distance of about 20-25 centimeters;
schematic images or patterns made in black and white to improve visual perception. Such designs should be changed regularly;
bracelets with bells and balloons that can be tied alternately to different handles.

Five months

It is in infancy that adults are expected to actively work on speech formation. It is important for a child to hear the correct speech of adults. Let it become a tradition to listen to classical music, read poems, and sing lullabies to your mother or grandmother. You can sing various nursery rhymes based on the tune your child likes.

The child subtly senses intonation without understanding the words, and grasps the meaning of the address and emotion. The baby can amuse himself and his family with partying for a long time. Watching the lips of an adult, he tries to pronounce vowel sounds.

The motor skills of the fifth month of baby development are represented by the following achievements:

confidently raises not only his head, but also his shoulders,
may sit for a short time, leaning on his hands placed in front,
tries to transfer a toy from one hand to another,
learns to hold a bottle with his hands.

The baby learns to attract others by making inviting sounds. Emotions change. He whines if he experiences discomfort caused by fear from a loud sound or strict intonation in the voice, or a change in body temperature. It may even show anger if, for example, a toy was taken away.

During this period, periods of wakefulness increase, the child learns to occupy himself with new types of activities: he monitors the movement of objects in space, divides people into familiar and unknown. “Speech” is enriched with consonants – “b”, “m”, “p”, “d”.

The baby gets acquainted with new objects: a spoon, a mug, a plate.

Six months

During this period we observe a very important achievement - HE begins to CREEP. At this time, it is advisable to allocate a place in the room, ensure its safety, cover the play area with an educational rug with a set of toys and offer the little discoverer freedom of action.

Tips for using this comprehensive play space:

it is necessary to have several sets of hanging toys and change them at least once every 5-6 days,
a set of toys located nearby should consist of products different in color, texture, sound,
It is important that the toy is able to not only pull, but also twist and push
there must be a mirror,
You can tie bells, rattles, rings, favorite teethers, etc. to the arcs of the rug.

The baby will feel every object with curiosity, receive tactile, auditory, visual stimulation.

Complementary feeding of the child should be done using a second spoon, with which he will independently try to bring food from the plate to his mouth. Using a spoon to eat is an important developmental milestone.

Raising and developing a child at 6 months involves instilling neatness skills. The baby must learn to eat carefully. You need to wash and change clothes after feeding, if he gets dirty, wipe his mouth with a napkin.

In the period from 3 to 6 months, the development of emotional communication continues. Tell your baby about your love for him, hug and kiss him. Let good emotions be the basis of future trusting relationships between parents and child.

Development of self-awareness and speech in an infant

By six months, the baby begins to actively explore the world through surrounding objects, and at the same time his attitude towards adults changes. If earlier the baby had enough attention and affection, now he craves joint productive activities. The adult is seen as a play partner, while the baby gets much more pleasure from active joint activities. If the mother simply watches the baby from the side, the baby performs much fewer specific actions, which means its development occurs more slowly. The child’s progress is more noticeable the more effectively his cooperation with adults occurs, and the stronger the emotional connection between them becomes.

At the same time, at this stage the child’s emotions also change. In addition to a positive reaction to an adult, he also has a whole range of negative emotional manifestations. The baby learns to be angry, sad, sad, and irritated. At the same time, the baby remains attached to close relatives, but is distrustful of strangers, sometimes even afraid of them.

The second half of the baby’s year is especially important because at this age preparation for active speech occurs. The baby's hearing improves, he babbles a lot and tries to imitate the sounds made by those around him. That’s why it’s so important to constantly talk to your baby, read him books, poems, and sing simple songs. The more the baby hears his mother’s speech, the faster he will learn to speak and the more actively his vocabulary will be replenished. Psychologists recommend having conversations with the child, responding to his babbling and voicing his actions so that he learns to associate individual words with objects. If you live in a bilingual environment or want to quickly start teaching your baby a foreign language, introduce your baby to both languages from the first days. As early as eight months, children lose the ability to recognize sounds that are not used in their native language.

By their first birthday, babies already have an idea of themselves; they can recognize their reflection in the mirror. Through active play activities and frequent contact with adults, children begin to understand that they can influence the environment through their own activity.

It is the infant’s increased self-awareness that causes the crisis of the first year, which ends the stage of infancy and marks the beginning of early childhood. The first age crisis is based on the confrontation between the child’s desire for independence and the awareness of one’s helplessness in the absence of adults.

During the first six months, communication with the mother, her affection and undivided attention is vital for the baby; later, the need for joint activities, as well as preparation for active speech, becomes apparent. To ensure the correct emotional and psychological development of a child from birth to one year, it is important to talk and play with the baby, give him enough attention, care and affection.

We will talk about how a baby’s psyche develops between one and two years of age in our next article.

The first three months of life adaptation

So, happy parents are holding in their hands a small creature that does not yet know how to speak, hold its head, eat, control its limbs, etc. What to do with it?

Imagine that you are in a situation where you cannot control your body, you are in a completely unfamiliar place, bright light hurts your eyes, and if you want to eat, then this feeling is experienced so vividly that it seems to you that if this does not happen, then you will die. And most importantly, you cannot talk about it, the only way to convey it to others is to scream.

This is roughly what a baby experiences in the first days after birth. His feelings are polar: either it is indescribable horror and fear, or pleasure and love. What could reassure you in such a situation? Of course, the closeness of a loved one: the heartbeat that you heard for 9 months, the breathing and the voice that was everything to you. First of all, the baby wants to feel safe again in this new world for him. We need to help him adapt, learn to live here without experiencing constant stress. The first three months of life are also called the period of pregnancy, so the child is often calmed when he lies on his mother, only not in the stomach, but outside.

Why is the baby crying

The most difficult thing in the first days is to understand why the baby is crying. The answer to this question brings us closer to understanding how to help him.

So, there can be a number of reasons for a baby’s crying, let’s name the most common:

1. He is hungry;

2. His stomach hurts;

3. He experiences discomfort (wet diapers, cold, hot, etc.);

4. He wants attention;

5. From about four months old, another reason for his teething appears!

In general, all these reasons indicate that he needs attention and care. In the first year of life, adults give the baby answers to the questions: Is this world safe?, and, most importantly, Am I welcome here? According to Erik Erikson's theory, in the first year of life a child develops trust or mistrust in the world. How they take care of him will be the answer to these questions.

If the baby cries, it means that something is bothering him, and he definitely needs to pay attention: take him in your arms, walk with him, try to understand what he wants. It is important not to panic if the baby does not calm down, and under no circumstances leave him alone in this state just because you feel helpless.

Do not worry; First of all, try to feed, in the first months the child cries due to hunger. If he doesn’t want to, it means his tummy hurts, and here you can give him a massage, press his legs with your knees to his tummy; stroke your belly clockwise. Maybe something is causing him discomfort: wet rompers or uncomfortable clothes. Nothing helps? Take him in your arms and walk, sing, rock, the main thing is to do it with love, and not with the feeling of well when will you shut up. Children read emotions very well, and often the cause of the baby's upset is the poor condition of the mother.

As long as the baby is breastfed, his health and condition depends entirely on the mother's nutrition. Mom's nutrition and baby's health! By following a diet, especially in the first month of the child’s life, the mother reduces the likelihood of indigestion. In any case, you need to understand that bellies last about a month, and teeth don’t take forever; in a couple of months you won’t even remember how it was.

Is the child being manipulative?

Many people are concerned about the question: if a child’s needs are met on demand, won’t he always manipulate adults?

If you were physically unable to get up and get yourself some water because you were thirsty, would you ask someone nearby? Children do not know how to manipulate, they are simply looking for any way to satisfy their needs, which in the first year of life are reduced to food and safety and are vital. It’s strange to think that a child simply enjoys watching adults run around him. If a child does not calm down, we either do not recognize his need, or it is beyond our capabilities, and we just need to be near the child in this state, to share it with him.

Previously, there was an opinion that there was no need to run to the baby at the first call, he would scream and calm down. In fact, even animals do not do this with their young, and in the first months of life, a human baby is even more vulnerable and needs even more protection and care. If you don’t come to your child’s cry time after time, he will develop distrust in the world, in his loved ones, and there is a high probability that he, too, will convey indifference to the needs of others. In addition, the stress that a child experiences can turn into psychosomatics, inhibit mental development, and mistrust can turn into aggression towards the unfriendly world around them.

Development of the psyche and intelligence in the first year

In the period from 0 to one year, the main thing that develops the child’s psyche is emotional-personal, or intimate-personal, communication with significant adults. More precisely, the one who takes care of the child during this period becomes his significant adult, that is, the one with whom he feels safe and whom he considers his own.

In the first year of life, the child needs to be given feedback specifically in emotions and tactile sensations, since he does not understand words. Therefore, when talking with a baby, we intuitively color any words with a brighter intonation and express them in touching him: we stroke him, carry him in our arms, kiss him, hug him. It is also important for a baby at this age to see the eyes of an adult.

It is important to emphasize that emotions and tactile sensations for a baby at this age are not a whim, but a necessity! Without this, the child develops mental retardation. In addition to numerous experiments, this is proven by children from orphanages who do not have the opportunity to constantly communicate with adults in the first years of life. It is almost impossible to fill this gap.

Mom is tired

If mom is depressed, exhausted, tired, then she definitely needs to rest and recover. The baby requires a lot of attention, but if you learn to understand him, then communication turns into joy. When the mother is in a good mood and condition, it is definitely passed on to the child, it becomes very simple and easy with him, because, if you think about it, you just need to feed him, kiss him and hold him in your arms.

Often stress for a mother is the fact that she no longer belongs to herself, that she cannot go about her business as usual. However, on the other hand, caring for a little one is a colossal experience that reveals not only in the mother, but also in both parents new important altruistic qualities. In addition, a year is a very short period compared to a whole life, and by the age of two the baby will be more autonomous if he is given due attention at the very beginning.

So, we found out that:

1. In the first year, the child looks for answers to the questions: Am I welcome here? and Is this world worthy of my trust?

2. The first three months of life are the period of pregnancy and adaptation to life outside the mother, but next to her.

3. Mom's nutrition and baby's health! The easier the mother’s food is to digest, the easier it is for the child to cope.

4. From 0 to a year, we come to help at the first call.

5. The baby doesn't know how to manipulate, he just survives.

6. Emotions and intimacy are the key to the successful development of a child’s psyche and intelligence.

7. If mom is tired, she needs to rest.

From 0 to 3 years, the child develops rapidly, and here it is important to note that the parents’ behavior strategy should change depending on his growth and development. What is suitable for a baby is not suitable for a one-year-old, much less for a three-year-old. And we will look at this in the next article. In the meantime, the main thing we need to raise a baby in the first year of life is love, attention and care.

Seven months

During the period from 7 to 9 months, the child develops so actively that parents can notice changes almost every day. This is no longer the same baby who only slept, ate and cried. By seven months, the baby begins to move more, try new foods, and learn new skills. Parents should approach raising a 7-month-old child individually.

Don't compare your child with others and worry. Some children already begin to take their first steps by 9 months, and some have just learned to sit up on their own at 8 months. If you have doubts about the correct development of the child, it is best to contact a pediatrician or neurologist.

What can a 7-9 month old baby do?

By 7 months, the baby has fully developed vision and hearing. The baby can clearly see objects that move quickly, begins to recognize relatives, and is surprised at the sight of previously unfamiliar objects. The baby already reacts well to quiet sounds and understands when someone addresses him;
The child's muscles become stronger, he can already sit and crawl confidently. However, not all children crawl; some skip this stage and immediately begin to walk. At the age of 8-9 months, most children can stand at a support and take steps along it;
Most children have their first teeth by 7 months, and more teeth by 9 months. However, parents should not worry if by 8-9 months the child has not yet acquired the first tooth; the absence of teeth up to a year is considered normal;
The child already has good control over the movement of his arms and legs and understands that with their help he can reach out and take the desired object. The baby can hold toys of various shapes in his hands, rearrange objects, study them for a long time, open and close them, consciously throw them on the floor;
At the age of 7-9 months, the child is actively developing speech, he is already trying to communicate with his parents using the speech organs. The baby learns to pronounce sounds and individual syllables, change intonation, babbling becomes more expressive;
A child of 7-9 months distinguishes when he is praised and when he is scolded, he knows his name and the names of loved ones very well. During the game, the baby already understands that the hidden thing has not disappeared, but is simply not visible to him. During this period, the child is most attached to his mother, and begins to be afraid of strangers;
By 7 months, as a rule, the child tries new foods. He already opens his mouth while eating, removes food from the spoon with his lips, and can hold a bottle or sippy cup on his own. If the bottle falls and is within the child's reach, he can pick it up on his own.

Eight months

Despite the fact that each child develops in accordance with his own individual schedule, there are points that should alert parents and become a reason to contact a pediatrician or neurologist:

By 7 months the child had not learned to roll over.
Does not follow moving objects with his eyes.
Does not explore objects with the mouth.
Does not show any emotion when communicating with parents.
The child does not sit on his own or try to sit up.
Doesn't pronounce syllables.

In order for a child to develop fully, at 7-9 months he needs free space to move. It is best if parents organize a safe space on the floor for the baby, but it is better to use the playpen to a minimum. It is necessary to remove from the floor everything that could pose a danger to the child, as well as valuable objects that the baby could damage.

The role of parental example for the early development of children

Parents need to remember that the child will imitate them in everything, so they must raise the child by their own example from infancy. From the first months, you can teach your baby kindness and compassion, for example, feed a homeless kitten together with your baby, or help an elderly person climb the stairs in front of the baby, or water a wilting plant together.

We must use our own example to form in the child a positive attitude towards the world around him, towards people, animals and nature. Moms and dads can choose a traditional or modern approach for the early education of their baby, follow the advice of famous doctors and psychologists or ignore them, but the main thing that all parents need to learn is that the child needs communication with them more than anything else.

Nine month

In order for the child to move actively, you should place the toys and objects that interest him in different parts of the room. And of course, a child at any age needs the attention and care of his parents and a healthy diet. By spending time with their child, parents can watch how their baby develops and acquires new skills.

Every mother tries to give her child as much attention as possible, especially in his first years of life. However, they devote a large amount of time to preparing the baby’s diet, choosing clothes and carefully caring for the child, while completely forgetting about upbringing. Nevertheless, it is at an early age that the foundations of a child’s behavior are laid, his character and some habits are formed. So why do mothers think that starting parenting should be delayed until two or three years of age? Let's try to refute this opinion and protect many young mothers from wrong actions.

Games with a child up to six months

Don’t put the first toys aside, just diversify your child’s activities with a few more gaming accessories. By the way, ordinary paper is also suitable for raising children in the first year of life, which they love to tear into pieces. Also buy:

small balls that will be comfortable for tiny fingers. The baby will be able to play with the ball in the mother’s arms or in the stroller;
teethers for teeth that are just cutting at this age. Due to severe itching, babies become irritable, cry and put their fists in their mouths;
various animal figures made of rubber or plastic. Show an animal and voice how a dog barks, a cat meows, or a cow moos. In this way you develop onomatopoeia;
large cubes made of fabric with different images on the edges. From them you can build turrets, houses and even an entire toy city.

Ten months

Starting from nine months, the child’s life becomes more and more meaningful. He begins to understand individual words, has a lot of contact with adults, and actively learns about the world around him. It is worth paying close attention to raising a child under 1 year of age.

One of the most important stages of a child’s development in this “trimester” is his attempts to stand on his feet and take his first steps, first with the help of his parents, and then alone. It is these attempts that need to be encouraged as actively as possible. Out loudly admire the baby’s abilities, interest him in a bright toy, hold the baby’s hands at the first inept attempts.

The child’s diet at this time includes more and more new products: a variety of porridges, light meat and fish soups, steamed cutlets, a large amount of fruits and vegetables, cottage cheese, kefir. If the baby is still feeding on mother's milk, then it is important that its share is no more than a quarter of the total food consumed. Of course, the main thing during this period is to follow a strict diet and ensure that there are enough vitamins and macro- and microelements in the diet. The interval between feedings is still short - on average 3-4 hours.

Should you hold your baby if he cries?

It is very difficult and scary for a little man to live his first month in the world. All he can do is cry to attract attention. So he asks for help. Often inexperienced parents are lost and don’t know what to do when their baby starts crying. What does the baby want to say, what to ask for, what to complain about? After some time, caring mothers are already able to determine by the nature of the child’s crying whether the child is hungry, wet, or something hurts.

Sometimes arguments flare up between parents about whether or not to take the baby in their arms, or whether to soothe the baby or not if he cries. Some of them believe that there is no need to approach a crying child, that this will make him spoiled and then he will not get away with it at all; they need to wait for some time until the baby calms down on his own.

What mother's heart can bear this? Parents who adhere to modern methods of raising young children are convinced that they must make every effort to ensure the child’s peace of mind. Just come and take the baby in your arms. The peculiarities of the psychology of a child under one year old are that the child must feel maternal warmth and protection, know that he is not alone in this new world for him, he will never be left to the mercy of fate (we recommend reading: healthy and harmonious development of a child in 1, 5 years).

Disputes may flare up in the family regarding teaching a child to hold hands, but at least for the first year you should not raise the baby with such harsh methods; he is not yet consciously capricious.

Eleven months

The baby’s development is progressing at a rapid pace, and therefore it is important not to miss a minute! At 10 months, attention should be paid to the physical development of the baby. Gradually you can accustom your baby to hardening. To do this, after you and your baby take a bath, you need to wipe it with a towel soaked in cool water, leave it naked for a couple of minutes, and then thoroughly wipe your baby with a terry towel so that no part of its body remains wet.

The full development and upbringing of a child at 11 months is impossible without close communication with his parents and other close adults. Reading short children's fairy tales and poems, commenting on surrounding events and phenomena, inventing small dialogues between dolls is a good guarantee of the child's correct and beautiful speech in the future.

You shouldn’t imitate your baby’s baby cooing and try to speak to him in a similar style. The child does not yet understand which pronunciation is correct, and therefore will remember and then reproduce “lisping” sounds.

Twelfth month. The child is one year old.

Approaching the age of one, the child learns more and more complex things. So, for example, the baby should already be able to show many parts of his body, distinguish objects by shape (cubes, balls, pipes), respond to his name, play with his toys as it should be. During this period, you can begin to teach your little one to eat on his own - first with his hands, then with a spoon; the baby should no longer drink from a bottle, but from a mug.

An important place in raising children under one year old is occupied by developing the correct attitude of the toddler towards certain prohibitions. To stop incorrect actions, you need to use a strict “no”; you must immediately explain to the child why he should not do this.

By the age of one year, a baby should already confidently hold large objects in his hands, distinguish fairly quiet sounds and be interested in the unusual actions of his parents. Puppet shows and watching good musical fairy tales together will be beneficial.

Of course, parents will have to face many difficulties before the child grows up to be an independent and intelligent person, but the advice of doctors, psychologists, grandmothers, and, in the end, relevant literature will do their job. Well, in the meantime, the baby is only a year old, you need to enjoy every minute of his life, experience the first victories and failures together and rejoice in the fact that your child is wonderful.